The Great Recession Is The Second Event That Sparked The...

The Great Recession is the second event that sparked the global financial crisis. According to the IMF, recession is sad to exist if there is a decline in the real per-capita world gross domestic product, and this great recession did not disappoint (Davis, 2009). US banking systems were vulnerable to bank run, thanks to loose regulatory supervision (Andrews, 2008). The collapse of Lehman Brothers caused established commercial and investment banks in the US and Europe to suffer huge losses, and such banks requested massive government bailouts (Krugman, 2014). The Great Recession allowed for a simultaneous drop in international and commodity prices while raising the unemployment, dubbing this the beginning of a second Great Depression by†¦show more content†¦The euro maintained a low interest rate, causing Spain to run on deficit on its current-account balance. Public revenues and outputs also began to fall, while increasing public spending, transformed budget surplus into bud get deficits. Within the country, the Spanish economy itself and its once-stable economy banking system suffered tremendously. Due to the unpredictable waves of its economy, Spain continues to fail in predicting when the crisis will attack again and if recurrence will take place (Ordonez, 2012). At the peak of the global financial crisis, GDP fell and unemployment rose, coinciding with products breakdown and jobs destruction. Housing investment was a major affected component. Household saving rates were reduced to a minimum, while fixing their capital investment at a maximum. Such behaviors resulted in high household debts. With the weakness of household incomes and the long-term debt amortization for home purchases, these all hindered the rapid depletion of liabilities (Cruz, 2011). Spain’s inability to automatically adjust the supply, resulted in high tension of prices. This increase reached new heights when price expectations affected their own demand, provoking a landslide of demand, supply, and price growth (Prakash Loungani, 2008). Price growth caused high sectorial inflation, thanks to its demand’s overreaction. A strong overvaluation of residential real estates existed from sharp decrease and revaluation of housing property

The Long Term Consequences Of Incarceration On African...

Chapter II: Literature Review In his pointed analysis of urban life in the United States, sociologist Elijah Anderson (2013) posits that public awareness in America is fundamentally color-coded in that white skin is commonly associated with trustworthiness and civility while black skin tends to epitomize crime and incivility. In a country where more than a third of black men in their twenties are under state control at any given time, official criminality is not only attached to individual offenders but also to an entire social group (Pettit Western, 2004; Roberts, 2004). For poor, undereducated black men, who represent the fastest growing segment of the nation’s prison population, incarceration is a common and almost predictable life experience (Roberts, 2004). It is our hypothesis that by effectively eroding several critical keystones of normative functioning, discriminatory policing and imprisonment creates a cyclical pathway for black men to return to the criminal justice system. This chapter reviews and evaluates the existing research on the long-term consequences of incarceration on African American men, focusing specifically on a) economic opportunities and mobility, b) social networks and connections, and c) civic and social citizenship. Economic Opportunities/Mobility Of the roughly seven hundred thousand individuals released from prison each year, a large majority are young men with less than a college education (Pager, Western Sugie, 2009). Of these formerShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of The War On Drugs1638 Words   |  7 Pages The War on Drugs plays a major part in the incarceration of African-Americans. In the â€Å"New Jim Crow† reading the (3) CIA admits to helping smuggle contrabands into communities heavily populated by people of color in order to disrupt and immobilize African-American movements. Crack and heroin were the most popular drugs smuggled into these communities due to their highly addictive and immobilizing nature. 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Community Health free essay sample

Many of these rural settings may only have one physician or nurse for a 100-mile radius of inhabitants. 6. Describe characteristics of rural and small-town residency. More space; greater distances between residents and services. Cyclical/seasonal work and leisure activities. Informal social and professional interactions. Access to extended kinship systems. Residents who are related or acquainted. Lack of anonymity. Challenges in maintaining confidentiality stemming from familiarity among residents. Small (often family) enterprises; fewer large industries. Economic orientation to land and nature with industries that are extractive in nature (agriculture, mining, lumbering, marine-related, outdoor recreational activities). More high-risk occupations. Town as center of trade. Churches and schools as socialization centers. Preference for interacting with locals (insiders); prefer working with locals than outsiders. Mistrust of newcomers to the community (outsiders). 7. Examine the role and scope of public health nursing practice in rural and underserved areas. A nurse has a much more complex role in rural communities. We will write a custom essay sample on Community Health or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are often working multiple jobs, which can include working on the family farm or in the family business while also providing nursing care to the community. They are rarely off duty, as many of the inhabitants will ask them health-related questions when they are out and about in the community on personal errands. Because of the lack of other health care professionals, the nurse must do it all themselves and must treat and care for a wide variety of illnesses. They are also professionally isolated so they rarely have other healthcare professionals to collaborate care with. Nurses in rural communities must also learn to provide the best possible care with very few resources. Nurses will also have a lack of access to continuing their education. They do have better autonomy, have dynamic relationships with their clients as they are often friends, relatives, and neighbors, and have the ability to really get involved in the community as well as to get the community involved in healthcare. 8. Evaluate two professional-client-community partnership modes that can effectively provide a continuum of health care to residents living in an environment with sparse resources.

Taunts Essays - Combat Sports, Video Games, Boxing, ClayFighter 63

Taunts To taunt your opponent, enter one of the codes below. (Depending on your character, of course.) Bad Mr. Frosty: L, R + B simultaneously or L, R + A simultaneously. Blob: L, R + A simultaneously. Bonker: L, R + A simultaneously. Dr. Kiln: L, R + A simultaneously. Earthworm Jim: L, R + A simultaneously. Houngan: L, R + B simultaneously or L, R + A simultaneously. Icky Bod Clay: L, R + B simultaneously. Kung Pow: L, R + A simultaneously. Sumo Santa: L, R + A simultaneously. Taffy: L, R + B simultaneously. T. Hoppy: L, R + A simultaneously. 300 HIT COMBOSFirst, perform any Combo. When your opponent's life meter turns red, execute one of your character's Special Moves. Many hits will follow, and you can still do your character's Claytality! Secret options mode At the character selection screen, hold L and press C-Up, C-Right, C-Left, C-Down, B, A(2). If you entered the code correctly, the screen will flash. Press B to exit, then enter the options menu. Choose the "Secret Options" selection to access different body sizes, voices, backgrounds, camera flights, claytality timer settings, and camera control using controller four. Play as Sumo Santa At the character selection screen, hold L and press A, C-Down, C-Right, C-Up, C-Left, B. Play as Dr. Kiln At the character selection screen, hold L and press B, C-Left, C-Up, C-Right, C-Down, A. Holding down the left shoulder button (L) at the character selection screen, move joypad Up, Right, Down, Left, Right, Left. Play as Booger Man By: N64.com Hold L and press Top C, Right C, Left C, Bottom C, B, A CPU control At the character selection screen, hold L and press A(5), C-Up, C-Down, C-Left, C-Left, B, A, C-Right. Programmer's mode At the character selection screen, hold L and press A, B, A, B, A, B, C-Left, C-Right, C-Up, C-Right, C-Left, C-Right. This mode allows any character to be selected, and has an overhead view of each stage. Random fighter select At the character selection screen, hold L + R. Alternate costume colors At the character selection screen, press A for color scheme one or C-Down for color scheme two, then press B to exit. Same costume colors At the character selection screen, press C-Up on either controller to select any fighter. Then, have the other player highlight the same character and allow the timer to reach zero. Both fighters will now be the same color during the match. Stage select Select two player mode, then press C-Left or C-Right at the screen that displays the current stage. Taunts To taunt your opponent, enter one of the codes below. (Depending on your character, of course.) Bad Mr. Frosty: L, R + B simultaneously or L, R + A simultaneously. Blob: L, R + A simultaneously. Bonker: L, R + A simultaneously. Dr. Kiln: L, R + A simultaneously. Earthworm Jim: L, R + A simultaneously. Houngan: L, R + B simultaneously or L, R + A simultaneously. Icky Bod Clay: L, R + B simultaneously. Kung Pow: L, R + A simultaneously. Sumo Santa: L, R + A simultaneously. Taffy: L, R + B simultaneously. T. Hoppy: L, R + A simultaneously. ------------------------------------------------ Move List Mr. Frosty Special Moves Snow Ball: Bad Mr. Frosty rolls into a ball and hurls himself at his opponent. Hold Back for two seconds, then press Forward and any Punch. Ice Pick: Bad Mr. Frosty changes his hand into an ice pick and stabs his opponent. Press Down, Down-forward, Forward, any Punch. Ice Skate Dash: Bad Mr. Frosty skis on one leg over to his opponent while yelling "Snowblower!" Hold Back for two seconds, then press Forward and any Kick. Frosty Splash: Bad Mr. Frosty jumps in the air and hits his opponent with a belly slam. Press Down, Down-back, Back, any Punch. Blizzard Kick: Bad Mr. Frosty jumps in the air and kicks his opponent while yelling "Blizzard!" Press Forward, Down, Forward, any Kick. Shadow Moves (aka Super Special Moves): Roll (the Control Pad/Stick) Back, Down, Forward twice, then press Kick. Roll (the Control Pad/Stick) Forward, Down, Back twice, then press Kick. Combos Listed below are a few example combos that Bad Mr. Frosty can do. Experiment with his Special Moves to find more! 4-hit Combo: Hold Back for two seconds, then press Forward and Brutal Kick and Fair Kick. While you press Fair Kick, hold Back for a second, then press Forward and Brutal Punch. 7-hit Combo: Jump in, Brutal Punch, Fair Punch, Forward, Down, Forward, Brutal Kick. Combo Breaker: Press Forward, Down,

Contrast and Comparison of meat and soy meat products essays

Contrast and Comparison of meat and soy meat products essays Have you ever wanted to be a vegetarian if you have you could still eat hamburgers with out the meat? It is called a veggie-burger. Have you ever wanted to know what the difference between a veggie-burger and hamburger, besides the fact that there is no meat? A hamburger and veggie burger is different in their quality, health products, " make-up" and the way they taste, but they are similar in where they are sold, health info, shape and the ways of eating them. Like I said, a hamburger and veggie burgers are different in their quality. Hamburgers are greasy and made with meat and they are more fattening, and veggie burgers are less fattening on the other hand. A hamburger is made of meat and a veggie burger is made of soy and mushrooms and other non-meat products. Also, hamburgers are sold at fast food restaurants, and veggie burgers on the other hang are mainly sold at stores only. Though there are many differences between hamburgers and veggie burgers, there are some similarities. They are similar in where they are sold, because they are both sold in stores. Both of them have a good amount of protein and both are circular. They are alike in the way you eat them also. (They are both eaten with a bun.) Now that you know more about veggie burgers and hamburgers you may want to be a vegetarian now. Or maybe you would like to stay the same and still eat meat. I hope you learned more about the differences and similarities. ...

Washington College Admissions and Acceptance Rate

Washington College Admissions and Acceptance Rate Only around half of those who apply to Washington College are accepted. Learn more about the admissions requirements and what it takes to go to this college. About Washington College Founded in 1782 under the patronage of George Washington, Washington College has a long and rich history. The college was recently awarded a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa for its many strengths in the liberal arts and sciences. The Center for Environment Society, the C. V. Starr Center for the Study of the American Experience, and the Rose O’Neill Literary House are all valuable resources for supporting undergraduate education. Popular majors include Business Administration, Economics, English, Biology, and Psychology. Washington Colleges location in scenic Chestertown, Maryland, provides students with opportunities to explore the Chesapeake Bay watershed and the Chester River. On the athletic front, the Washington College Shoremen and Shorewomen compete in the NCAA Division III Centennial Conference. The college fields seven mens and nine womens varsity sports. Popular sports include basketball, soccer, swimming, tennis, and rowing. The college also has a co-ed sailing team. Will you get in if you apply? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Washington College Acceptance Rate: 49  percentWashington College has test-optional admissionsGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Washington CollegeWhat these SAT numbers meanTop Maryland colleges SAT comparisonWhat these ACT numbers meanTop Maryland colleges ACT comparison Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 1,479  (all undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 44 percent Male / 56 percent Female99  percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $43,842Books: $850 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,824Other Expenses: $2,990Total Cost: $58,506 Washington College Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 98  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 98 percentLoans: 62 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $25,533Loans: $7,671 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Business Administration, Economics, English, Environmental Studies, History, Political Science, Psychology, Environmental StudiesWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 70 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 73  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Lacrosse, Soccer, Rowing, Baseball, Basketball, Swimming, TennisWomens Sports:  Volleyball, Swimming, Soccer, Tennis, Softball, Rowing, Basketball, Lacrosse, Field Hockey Washington College and the Common Application Washington College uses the  Common Application. These articles can help guide you: Common Application essay tips and samplesShort answer tips and samplesSupplemental essay tips and samples If You Like Washington College, You May Also Like These Schools University of Delaware: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTowson University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGoucher College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAmerican University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDrexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTemple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHood College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBoston University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphJohns Hopkins University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStevenson University: Profile  Georgetown University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUrsinus College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Washington College Mission Statement mission statement from washcoll.edu/about/our-mission.php Washington College challenges and inspires emerging citizen leaders to discover lives of purpose and passion. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

A research proposal for a small scale qualitative research project on Essay

A research proposal for a small scale qualitative research project on a topic of investigaton of the student own choice - Essay Example as also been observed by scholars that women (mothers) normally would prefer to remarry within 3-5 years after separation and men (fathers) within 1-2 years of separation (Hughes, 2000). When a separation is incurred, children are left with either father or mother as a second child. There are many barriers to stepfamily members that include educational, social, and economic factors (Aronson, 1992). Keeping this in view, the present study aims to assess the perceptions of the members of the stepfamily and examine how these perceptions affect the adjustment to remarriage and stepfamily living. The study also seeks to examine whether there are any associations between the perceptions of child, the biological parent who remarried, and the stepparent. Many studies have been undertaken across the world on stepfamily and related issues. In a significant study undertaken by Wilkes and Fromme (2002) examined whether the themes in the experiences of members in the stepfamily over time is stable or not. Conducted among the adolescents, stepparents, and biological parent from different stepfamilies, the study has observed that areas that remained stable over time and areas of positive change and adjustment. In another study carried out by Cartwright (2003) among stepfamily therapists, the author observes that separated children feel loss of relationship and association with biological parents displaced by the new relationship. This area of knowledge has been empirically researched by many and several theories have been propounded. From the view point of the family systems theory, Berg (2003) addressed a question that whether the relative influence of each parent on adolescents’ self-esteem and adjustment depended primarily on the ir status as custodial, step-, or non-resident parents, and whether these influences differed for adolescents with stepmothers, compared to those with stepfathers. The study concludes that the perceived association of separated children with

Total Environments, Health, and Safety Management Research Paper

Total Environments, Health, and Safety Management - Research Paper Example Employees who are working on the construction site are subjected to a constant change in their nature of work, mix of workers and location of work. In view of most of the people, construction industry has most risky working environment as compared to other industries (Broadbent, 2004). In case of construction industry, the concept of safety culture is relatively a naà ¯ve concept. However, in recent past this concept has gained popularity due to its unique ability of accepting all the psychological, behavioural, perceptional and managerial factors. Multitasking and paying attention to more than one tasks (professional or non professional) at a time result in accidents. While employees are performing their duties without wearing their protective equipments or just talking on their cell phone, they place themselves at risk just only to make themselves comfortable or to save time. In short, in construction industry most of the accidents occur not due to the lack of skill, training and knowledge but are related to relatively poor decision making skills (Cooper and Phillips, 2004). Management, starting from the individuals, who are occupying the highest position in hierarchical order, all the way through the low level management (leaders, superintendents, supervisors etc.), and all the way down to the people working in production area must engage themselves in the combine efforts to systematically reduce or eradicate the chances of being exposed to any of the hazardous condition or situation. An effective and successful safety culture has following elements: By developing and managing the process of safety in a more effective manner, any organization can reduce the chances of injuries, increase the awareness among workers about safety, can increase overall productivity and also raise the morale of the workers. In order to check compliance, the

Earth and Planet Essay Example for Free

Earth and Planet Essay God create our planet earth for us to have a home so we have to take care of our planet because God gave it to us and if we don’t take care of our planet someday our planet earth will be destroy or it will be gone. We have to protect our nature specially the trees because if we don’t protect our nature and if we cut down all the trees we will experience stronger floods and typhoon that will destroy our planet. We can save our planet earth by simply throwing your garbage in the right place not in the river or in the streets. If we throw our garbage in the river it will be stock and if there is a typhoon the flood will go higher than we expected because of the garbage that is stock in the river so we have to practice our selves not throwing garbage anywhere but in the right place only. For me it’s very important to protect our planet because God entrusted the planet earth to us so we have to protect it and love it. We can save our planet by stopping the mining company’s because if the mining in the earth continues someday the mountains in the earth will destroy and will cause a flashflood that people will be getting hurt or die. So if we want to live longer in this earth we have to protect our planet and save it before it’s too late.

The Deeper Meanings of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young

The Deeper Meanings of Young Goodman Brown "Young Goodman Brown," a story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, should be interpreted on a psychoanalytical level rather than a religious one. It is my observation that "Young Goodman Brown" may very well be the first published work alluding to divisions of the mind and personality theory. Although religion is a direct theme throughout the story, "Young Goodman Brown" appears to be an allegory with deeper meanings. To explore properly my position concerning the dynamics of "Young Goodman Brown," it is necessary to understand Freud's structural model. The development of Freud's structural model presents an understanding of the struggles between the conscious and unconscious forces of the mind. The structural model indicates three powerful forces that dictate conscious behavior, or binders of reality. These three forces consist of the id, superego, and ego. When Young Goodman Brown begins his journey down the path of the haunted forest, he quickly meets a fellow-traveler that I interpret as the irrational guide lurking inside himself. The guide repeatedly urges Goodman Brown to continue the errand despite Brown's overwhelming reluctance; he assures him that "[W]e are but a little way in the forest yet" (Hawthorne 274). The traveler demonstrates a subconscious part of the psyche called the id. The id is that part of the psyche that is driven by pleasure and irrational wishing. The guide's insistence never seems to be in Brown's best interest. The traveler's motive was to do what feels good at the time, not putting into account any potential ramification that could result, which in this story turns out to be the loss of Goodman Brown's wife, Faith. His reckless behavior is ap... ...ind may be found within Hawthorne's story. If the reader will only look past its literal interpretation and explore the rich symbols and hidden meanings laden throughout the text, she or he will be rewarded with a work of fiction that was way before its time. Works Cited Carpenter, Richard. "Hawthorne's Polar Explorations: Young Goodman Brown and My Kinsman, Major Molineux." Nineteenth Century Fiction 24 (1969): 45-56. Gay, Peter. Freud: A Life for Our Time. New York: Doubleday, 1989. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. "Young Goodman Brown." Literature Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. Ed. Robert DiYanni. 4th ed. Boston: McGraw & Hill, 1998. 272-280. Hurley, Paul. "Young Goodman Brown's 'Heart of Darkness.'" American Literature 37 (1966): 410-419. Paulits, Walter. "Ambivalence in 'Young Goodman Brown.'" American Literature 41 (1970): 577-584.

Dispension for Study Abroad

Education and schools play a substantial role to anyone. I always see schooling as a path to opportunity. Schooling in Waseda University as Japan`s top private, co-educational institutions of higher learning reflects the value of equal opportunity. I believe studying business in Waseda University is crucial to my personal success. I want to study Japanese as I lived oversea for 18 years already.I want to learn Japanese culture as I see it as an important factor in ones` success in business since Japanese are known to have the â€Å"business attitude† that made them successful after their downfall in World War II. Moreover, I think that the Japanese society offers great business educational opportunity. In the future, I want to write a research paper about E-business and role of internet in marketing since nowadays the rapid growth of the role of Internet and other Web based marketing strategies present business organizations with both opportunities and challenges.Under such ci rcumstances, sound and timely E-business strategy plays an increasingly important role for companies to stay competitive in the dynamic electronic marketplace. Also, the Internet is the largest and fastest growing interactive network, â€Å"the network of networks†, which is today’s de facto information highway. It presents a challenge to the billion-dollar International Marketing Industry.Every facet of conventional marketing strategy is challenged by this evolving communication potential of the internet. I am interested in this topic since most businesses around the globe have been rushing to the Internet at an incredible pace, in hopes of â€Å"striking it rich,† by marketing over the Internet. This is what I want to do, I must develop new, or at least revised methods of international marketing. So, in order to write this research, I should study really very hard in Waseda University.

Doctrine of Repugnance

From time immemorial, legislative bodies have been enacting laws all over the world. With the enactment of laws by different legislative bodies all over the world, conflict of laws is an unavoidable issue. However, in this article I will mainly be focusing on the conflict of laws with regard to India. In India, there are three wings of the Government, namely, The Legislature, The Judiciary and the Executive. The legislature has the law making powers for the entire country. The legislature is further divided into the Centre and the State. Doctrine of Repugnancy deals with the conflict of laws between the State and the Centre. Part XI of the Indian Constitution describes the legislative relations between the States and the Centre. The legislative field of the Parliament and the State Legislatures has been specified in Article 246 of the Constitution whereas Article 254 of the Indian Constitution describes the mechanism for resolution of conflict between the Central and the State legislations enacted with respect to any matter enumerated in List III of the Seventh Schedule. Various judicial pronouncements have declared the pre-conditions for the application of the doctrine of repugnancy. In the case of M. Karunanidhi v. Union of India, the Constitutional Bench laid down the tests for the application of the Doctrine of Repugnancy, which is as follows: â€Å"1. That in order to decide the question of repugnancy it must be shown that the two enactments contain inconsistent and irreconcilable provisions, so that they cannot stand together or operate in the same field. 2. That there can be no repeal by implication unless the inconsistency appears on the face of the two statutes. . That where the two statutes occupy a particular field, but there is room or possibility of both the statutes operating in the same field without coming into collision with each other, no repugnancy results. 4. That where there is no inconsistency but a statute occupying the same field seeks to create distinct and separate offences, no question of repugnancy arises and both the statutes continue to operate in the same field. † In National Engineering Industries Ltd. Vs. Shri Kishan, the Supreme Court observed : In order that a question of repugnancy may be arise, two conditions must be fulfilled, namely that the State Law and the Laws of the Union must operate the name field and one must be repugnant or inconsistent with the other. † From the plain reading of the Articles 246 and 254 it is clear that in case of a conflict between the Union laws and State laws, it is the Union law which shall prevail if it is made within an entry of List III of the Constitution. In such a scenario if any provision of a State-made law is in conflict with the Parliament–made law under such circumstance the State-made law is declared void to the extent of repugnancy. However, this general rule is subject to Clause (2) of Article 254 of the Indian Constitution. The Clause (2) of the said Article says that that the State law will become void to the extent of repugnancy unless the State law has been reserved for the assent of the President. If the Preseident grants his assent to the said state law, then the Union law, to the extent of its repugnancy will become void in that state. However, this does not curtail the power of the Parliament from enacting at any time any law with respect to the same matter including a Law adding to amending varying or repealing the law so made by the legislature of the State. Thus, what is visible to us by analyzing the various judicial pronouncements and by going through the Constitution is that both the Centre and the State have supreme powers with regard to enacting the laws for their respective domains but in the presence of a conflict, it is the Centre-made laws which shall prevail in most cases. The Supreme Court in Zameer Ahmed Latifur Rehman Sheikh Vs. State of Maharashtra has examined the law relating to the Doctrine of Repugnancy. In essence, Part XI of the Indian Constitution describes the legislative relations between the States and the Centre. Further, Article 254 establishes the doctrine of Repugnancy which acts as a safeguard to solve disputes arising between the states and the Union. The term ‘Repugnancy’ means inconsistency between the State-made law and the Union-made law. The relevant extracts from the judgment are reproduced hereunder; 46. Before we proceed to analyze the said aspect, it would be appropriate to understand the situations in which repugnancy would arise. 47. Chapter I of Part XI of the Constitution deals with the subject of distribution of legislative powers of the Parliament and the legislature of the States. Article 245 of the Constitution provides that the Parliament may make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India, and the legislature of a State may make laws for the whole or any part of the State. 48. The legislative field of the Parliament and the State Legislatures has been specified in Article 246 of the Constitution. Article 246, reads as follows: – 49. We may now refer to the judgment of this Court in M. Karunanidhi v. Union of India, [(1979) 3 SCC 431], which is one of the most authoritative judgments on the present issue. In the said case, the principles to be applied for determining repugnancy between a law made by the Parliament and a law made by the State Legislature were considered by a Constitution Bench of this Court. At para 8, this Court held that repugnancy may result from the following circumstances: â€Å"1. Where the provisions of a Central Act and a State Act in the Concurrent List are fully inconsistent and are absolutely irreconcilable, the Central Act will prevail and the State Act will become void in view of the repugnancy. Where however a law passed by the State comes into collision with a law passed by Parliament on an Entry in the Concurrent List, the State Act shall prevail to the extent of the repugnancy and the provisions of the Central Act would become void provided the State Act has been passed in accordance with clause (2) of Article 254. 3. Where a law passed by the State Legislature while being substantially within the scope of the entries in the State List entrenches upon any of the Entries in he Central List the constitutionality of the law may be upheld by invoking the doctrine of pith and substance if on an analysis of the provisions of the Act it appears that by and large the law falls within the four corners of the State List and entrenchment, if any, is purely incidental or inconsequential. 4. Where, however, a law made by the State Legislature on a subject covered by the Concurrent List is inconsistent with and repugnant to a previous law made by Parliament, then such a law can be pro tected by obtaining the assent of the President under Article 254(2) of the Constitution. The result of obtaining the assent of the President would be that so far as the State Act is concerned, it will prevail in the State and overrule the provisions of the Central Act in their applicability to the State only. Such a state of affairs will exist only until Parliament may at any time make a law adding to, or amending, varying or repealing the law made by the State Legislature under the proviso to Article 254. † In para 24, this Court further laid down the conditions which must be satisfied before any repugnancy could arise, the said conditions are as follows:- â€Å"1. That there is a clear and direct inconsistency between the Central Act and the State Act. 2. That such an inconsistency is absolutely irreconcilable. 3. That the inconsistency between the provisions of the two Acts is of such nature as to bring the two Acts into direct collision with each other and a situation is reached where it is impossible to obey the one without disobeying the other. † Thereafter, this Court after referring to the catena of judgments on the subject, in para 38, laid down following propositions:- 1. That in order to decide the question of repugnancy it must be shown that the two enactments contain inconsistent and irreconcilable provisions, so that they cannot stand together or operate in the same field. 2. That there can be no repeal by implication unless the inconsistency appears on the face of the two statutes. 3. That where the two statutes occupy a particular field, but there is room or possibility of both the statutes operating in the same field without coming into collision with each other, no repugnancy results. 4. That where there is no inconsistency but a statute occupying the same field seeks to create distinct and separate offences, no question of repugnancy arises and both the statutes continue to operate in the same field. † 50. In Govt. of A. P. v. J. B. Educational Society, [(2005) 3 SCC 212], this Court while discussing the scope of Articles 246 and 254 and considering the proposition laid down by this Court in M. Karunanidhi case (supra) with respect to the situations in which repugnancy would arise, in para 9, held as follows:- â€Å"9. Parliament has exclusive power to legislate with respect to any of the matters enumerated in List I, notwithstanding anything contained in clauses (2) and (3) of Article 246. The non obstante clause under Article 246(1) indicates the predominance or supremacy of the law made by the Union Legislature in the event of an overlap of the law made by Parliament with respect to a matter enumerated in List I and a law made by the State Legislature w ith respect to a matter enumerated in List II of the Seventh Schedule. 10. There is no doubt that both Parliament and the State Legislature are supreme in their respective assigned fields. It is the duty of the court to interpret the legislations made by Parliament and the State Legislature in such a manner as to avoid any conflict. However, if the conflict is unavoidable, and the two enactments are irreconcilable, then by the force of the non obstante clause in clause (1) of Article 246, the parliamentary legislation would prevail notwithstanding the exclusive power of the State Legislature to make a law with respect to a matter enumerated in the State List. 11. With respect to matters enumerated in List III (Concurrent List), both Parliament and the State Legislature have equal competence to legislate. Here again, the courts are charged with the duty of interpreting the enactments of Parliament and the State Legislature in such manner as to avoid a conflict. If the conflict becomes unavoidable, then Article 245 indicates the manner of resolution of such a conflict. Thereafter, this Court, in para 12, held that the question of repugnancy between the parliamentary legislation and the State legislation could arise in following two ways:- â€Å"12. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ First, where the legislations, though enacted with respect to matters in their allotted sphere, overlap and conflict. Second, where the two legislations are with respect to matters in the Concurrent List and there is a conflict. In both the situations, parliamentary legislation will predominate, in the first, by virtue of the non obstante clause in Article 246(1), in the second, by reason of Article 254(1). Clause (2) of Article 254 deals with a situation where the State legislation having been reserved and having obtained President's assent, prevails in that State; this again is subject to the proviso that Parliament can again bring a legislation to override even such State legislation. 51. In National Engg. Industries Ltd. v. Shri Kishan Bhageria [(1988) Supp SCC 82], Sabyasachi Mukharji, J. , opined that the best test of repugnancy is that if one prevails, the other cannot prevail. Case Study – Vijay Kumar Sharma V State Of Karnataka (Air 1990 Sc 2072) by Sayontika Das Part XI of the Indian Constitution describes the legislative relations between the States and the Centre. Article 254 to establish the doctrine of Repugnancy is one of the laws laid down under the Indian Constitution as a safeguard to solve disputes arising between the states and the Union. Repugnancy’ is meant to express ‘conflict’, whereby there is an expressed inconsistency between the State-made law and the Union-made law. Case details:Bench Majority opined- Mishra Rangnath, Sawant P. B and desenting view Ramaswamy. K. Relevant statutory provisions (i) Karnataka Contract Carriages (Acquisition) Act (21 of 1976); s. 14 & s. 20; (ii) Motor Vehicles Act 1988; s. 74 & s. 80(2); and (iii) The doctrine of Repugnancy: Article 254 of the Indian Constitution. Reference cases (i) Ch. Tika Ramji v. State of Uttar Pradesh (AIR 1956 SC 676) ; (ii) Hoechst Pharmaceuticals Ltd. v. State of Bihar (AIR 1983 SC 1019). Case Study: The doctrine deals with List (III) schedule (VII) which declares both the Union and State legislatures competent to legislate. However in case of conflict between the laws, the Union law will prevail if it is made within an entry of List (III), irrespective of whether it the Union law is made by before or after the State Legislature. According to Article 254 (1) an overriding effect is provided to the provisions of a Parliament-made law which the Parliament is competent to enact or in with respect to any matter as enumerated in the List III of Schedule VII. In such a scenario if any provision of a State-made law is in conflict with the Parliament–made law under such circumstance the State-made law is declared void to the extent of repugnancy. Under List III named as the Concurrent List in Schedule VII of the Indian Constitution both the Union and State Legislatures are competent to make laws on any of the entries mentioned therein. However they are subject to Clause (2) of Article 254 only in case, there is no conflict between the provisions of the said State-made law and a Central Act on the subject. However in case there is a repugnancy in question of a State law and Union law enumerated on one of the subjects of List III, the State law must yield to the Union law unless it has already been reserved for the assent of the President and has duly received so under Article 254 (2). The question of repugnancy therefore rightfully arises when there is a direct conflict between the provisions of the State law and the Union law on the same occupied field. Laws are said to be repugnant ideally when they get involved into taking responsibility for obedience to a higher authority. Simultaneously however certain inconsistent enactments to each of these laws may sometimes be possible without disobeying the other. Thus a suitable instance for repugnancy arises only when legislation falling in List III, the Concurrent List can be cured by resorting to Article 254 (2). The question of repugnancy under Article 254 arises when the provisions of both laws are fully inconsistent or are absolutely irreconcilable and it is impossible to obey without disobeying the other, or conflicting results are produced when both the statutes covering the same field are applied to a given set of facts.

Mass Incarceration and Bail Reform Professor Ramos Blog

Mass Incarceration and Bail Reform Jacob Hawks English101 22 April 2019 Mass Incarceration and Bail Reform In 2016, the United States was the leading country for most people in prison with a staggering 2.2 million people behind bars. This is a 500% increase in the past 40 years (The Sentencing Project). It is claimed that the large increase of people being arrested are because of crime and violence increasing. In reality, it is because of new laws being put into effect year after year that put people who commit nonviolent crimes behind bars. America has a prison system problem that needs to be reformed by getting rid of incarceration for nonviolent, low level crimes, revising the bail system, invest more into cost-effective options other than incarceration such as drug treatment programs, and distinguish between people who are ready to re-enter society and those who continue to pose threats to public safety. The War on Drugs was the â€Å"Big Bang† of mass incarceration. In 1980, there were 40,900 people incarcerated for drug related offenses. Today, the number of people incarcerated for drug related offenses has jumped to 450,345 people. Today, there are more people in prison for drug related offenses than there were people in prison for any crime in 1980(The Sentencing Project). There are many stories of teenagers, such as Reynolds Wintersmith Jr., being arrested for use and or possession of drugs who are being thrown in prison and are given longer sentences than adults who commit violent crimes such as rape and murder. Reynolds Wintersmith Jr. was a 19 year old who had no mother and no father and grew up his whole life in what some would call a drug house or a â€Å"dope house†. Wintersmith was arrested for selling cocaine and was given life without a chance for parole in 1994 at the age of 19.(ACLU) Wintersmith has spent more than half of his life in prison for a nonvi olent, drug crime he committed as a teenager. The number of drug related incarcerations have increased dramatically over the years because of laws that are being signed which are causing people, who were once considered law abiding citizens, to now be considered felons. 40 years ago, there weren’t nearly as many laws as there are now days. This is a huge factor in why people would assume that crime rates are dramatically increasing, when the real reason is laws being signed into effect every year. Mass incarceration is also heavily impacted by the racial division in our country. People of color make up only 37% of the population of the United States, yet people of color also make up 67% of the of the total population of the United States prison system(ACLU). These numbers are very skewed. A huge reason for this issue is because of the racial divide in this country. â€Å"African Americans are more likely than white americans to be arrested; once arrested, they are more likely to be convicted; once convicted, they are more likely to face stiff sentences.†(The Sentencing Project). According to research gathered by the American Civil Liberties Union, â€Å"African American men are 6 times more likely to be arrested than white men. Hispanic and Latino men are twice as likely to be arrested as non-hispanic and non-latino white men†(ACLU). The lifetime likelihood of imprisonment for African American U.S. residents born in 2001 is 1 in 3 while the likelihood of a white man to be convicted is 1 in 17(Beck). Colored people in poor or struggling communities are more likely to be â€Å"repeat offenders† than a white man in the suburbs. The average white man typically is seen as having more education, money, and privilege. While people of color in impoverished neighborhoods are typically perceived as being uneducated and poor. Police also tend to use more force and enforce the laws more strictly in poor areas or cities than they would in a normal city. African American citizens are being pulled over and hassled on the streets for little to no reasoning just because of the color of their skin or based on their appearance. Philando Castile, for example, was pulled over for a traffic violation when he alerted the officer he had a gun on him. The officer did not listen to what Castile was saying after that and shot Castile dead with his girlfriend in the passenger seat and her 4 year old daughter in the back seat. This is just one of many real life situations that happen almost daily in America. Philando Castiles fatal traffic stop. The bail system also plays a huge role in the unnecessary amount of people behind bars. The bail system is a way to make sure that people convicted for a crime will show up to their court hearing date. Instead of sitting in jail and waiting for your court date, you can pay the bail and be released until your court date. There are two major issues with this system. One of the issues is that obtaining a court date can take months and even years to get. Now you have a large amount of people that have been incarcerated waiting months on end in jail before they are even found guilty of the crime they are accused of committing. The other major issue is being able to afford bail. â€Å"The United States Constitution says a person is considered innocent until they are proven guilty so that means more than 450,000 innocent people are currently in jail, simply because they’re too poor not to be.†(Ideas.Ted) Mass incarceration and the bail system is costing billions of dollars a year to keep people in jail pre trial. According to a Harvard Law study proposition, â€Å"Taxpayers spend approximately $38 million a day or $14 billion a year on pretrial detention.†(Harvard Law Study). Thus, mass incarceration in our prisons and jails can be improved with a significant change in the bail system, eliminating incarceration for low level, nonviolent offenses, investing in alternative, cost efficient programs and drug treatment centers, and distinguishing between those who pose a threat to public safety and those who are ready to re-enter back into society. Revising the bail system to keep low level, nonviolent offenders out of incarceration will save both parties money and will also save the offender their freedom until they are proven guilty. Investing more time and money into drug treatment centers will save lives and will also transform a lot of people in breaking a cycle of being released and sent back to prison. And finally, differentiating people who are ready to go back into society and those are not and still pose a threat more clearly will save a lot of innocent and changed people their freedom and millions in taxpayer dollars. Work Cited Beck, Allen. â€Å"Lifetime Likelihood of Going to State or Federal Prison.† US Department of Justice, 2016, bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/Llgsfp.pdf. Crutchfield, Robert D., and Gregory A. Weeks. â€Å"The Effects of Mass Incarceration on Communities of Color.† Issues in Science and Technology, 2 Nov. 2015, issues.org/the-effects-of-mass-incarceration-on-communities-of-color/. Initiative, Prison Policy. â€Å"Detaining the Poor: How Money Bail Perpetuates an Endless Cycle of Poverty and Jail Time.† Detaining the Poor: How Money Bail Perpetuates an Endless Cycle of Poverty and Jail Time | Prison Policy Initiative, www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/incomejails.html. â€Å"Bail Reform.† American Civil Liberties Union, www.aclu.org/issues/smart-justice/bail-reform. â€Å"Bail Reform and Risk Assessment: The Cautionary Tale of Federal Sentencing.† Harvard Law Review, harvardlawreview.org/2018/02/bail-reform-and-risk-assessment-the-cautionary-tale-of-federal-sentencing/. â€Å"Criminal Justice Facts.† The Sentencing Project, www.sentencingproject.org/criminal-justice-facts/ â€Å"Solutions.† American Civil Liberties Union, aclu.org/other/solutions.

Used Transitively, Avail Is a Reflexive Verb

Used Transitively, Avail Is a Reflexive Verb Used Transitively, Avail Is a Reflexive Verb Used Transitively, Avail Is a Reflexive Verb By Maeve Maddox I noticed the following sentence in a travel blog. It refers to the availability of rental lockers in French railway stations: [Travelers] can therefore once again avail of these services particularly in main train stations in France. In this sentence, avail requires an object: avail themselves of these services. Avail can be used intransitively (without an object). Here are some examples of the intransitive use of avail from Websters Unabridged: Heroism could not avail against the enemy fire. The wall could not avail to protect the town against cannon. No comparison would avail; he was one of a kind. When used transitively, the object of avail is usually the reflexive form of the subject: I availed myself of the library facilities. He availed himself of the free lunch. They availed themselves of the coupon. We availed ourselves of the use of the neighbors lawnmower. Here are some quotations from newspapers: (It seems George over-cheered at their gathering two years ago when the New York Giants won the big game, then availed himself of the toilet in their master bedroom.)Newman shows up near the end, toting a box (www.usatoday.com) the ability to live and work throughout the EU in exchange for a cash investment. We know that among those who have availed themselves of this right are billionaire Russian oligarchs and Ukrainians accused of corruption. For the financial (www.theguardian.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-Efficient16 Misquoted QuotationsNominalized Verbs

Love (thats not a topic,thats reserve discount,) Essay

Love (thats not a topic,thats reserve discount,) - Essay Example It would ensure that the high number of cases of paddling in the state reduced to a lower level. In this case, the long term effect would be seen in an improved psychological state of students since they would not live in fear of the paddle. The bill was made law after it had passed all the process that bills go through before being considered a law. The bill was signed in the Senate and the House on the same date (27th may 2011). It was later sent to the governor’s office who signed it on the 17th June 2011. However, it became effective on 1st September 2011. If I was a member of the legislature, I would have voted for bill since corporal punishment is not the best alternative for disciplining errant students. It is an archaic way of instilling disciplines to students and does not play any role in their education. Furthermore, spanking or paddling causes pain to students and this may affect them psychologically instead of making them quit their bad

Motivation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivation - Assignment Example A school scenario is the best example whereby students will be forced to learn something by their teachers whether they like it or not. Another case scenario can be applied at work. Self employed individuals require no external forces to trigger them to work hard. On the other hand, casual employees must be pushed so that they can work. ICON product and marketing mix motivation must put emphasis on the fact that both elements must achieve great results. Health and product motivation should be structured to meet the consumer’s attention of various health products. Consumer motivation ensures that the ICON products are identified in the market. This can be aimed through various ideologies like the use of motivational levels and Product advertisement. Marketing mix will be achieved through the product pricing, distribution to the target market and also promotion through product campaigns like penetration scheme where a product is introduced in the market at a very low price. Health product motivation can have an effect on information owned by the people. A good example is the drug sector where customers prefer more brands than others depending on the package of each drug

Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in America - Essay Example Scientific research to date proves that homosexuality is genetically inclined, and those who are indeed homosexual, have a genetic predisposition of sorts to their sexual orientation. Sexual orientation is not a â€Å"sexual preference†; it’s not something that one can change, therefore, those with homosexual orientation should be granted each and every single American right that heterosexuals have, including marriage, parenting, etc., otherwise America, who takes pride in being a nation of equality, is making their claim on fraudulent terms. While proving that sexual orientation is not a choice and that homosexuality is indeed the genetic makeup of an individual, it should be recognized by the U.S. government that homosexuality is a â€Å"normal† orientation just like heterosexuality is, and those of a homosexual orientation should be granted the same equal rights as heterosexuals, Whites, Africans, Hispanics, and everyone else who call this great nation their à ¢â‚¬Å"home†. Genetically speaking, it has been discovered that antibodies in the womb can attack the Y chromosome in an unborn male, causing him to be gay. This normally happens when a woman already has several, several, meaning two or three, â€Å"straight† male sons; her body just builds up an antibody to carrying males, and these antibodies attack the Y chromosome in the unborn male, making him homosexual (Independent). For every prior male brother who is â€Å"straight†, the chances of the next male becoming gay later in life, increases by one third (Independent). This study, conducted by Canadian scientists in 2006, proves that homosexuality in men is of a biological nature and nothing else. Gay men are â€Å"created† (Independent) meaning; they are born with a genetic predisposition to homosexuality. Thus proving that homosexuality is not a choice, but completely biological, even before birth (Independent). Also, it is common that most homosexual mal es have reported the same feelings concerning their identities and such during childhood. Many say that they â€Å"felt different† at an early age and often had to defend their masculinity (Handbook). They also reported that from a very, very young age, they did not take interest in the same games, toys, clothing, etc. as other â€Å"straight† males their age, and also felt an overwhelming attraction to the same sex, even from as early as 2 to 5 years old (Handbook). These young males reported that they often enjoyed playing with toys made for the opposite sex and also enjoyed wearing clothes of the opposite gender as well. The males said they did not take much of an interest in masculine games, such as sports and â€Å"boy† toys. â€Å"My cousin, who is now an openly gay, nineteen year old male, always collected Barbie dolls,† says Bessie Cherry, an award-winning journalist from Tennessee. â€Å"It was always a question ‘if’ my cousin was g oing to be gay or not. He loved to play with toys of the opposite sex, often carried a purse, and wore girls’ jeans and shoes. He was always very interested in things that boys his age were not, like collecting antique dishes and such. He never wanted to play football, like the rest of his male cousins his age. He never wanted to play with ‘boy’ toys, such as trucks and cars; it was always Barbie dolls and ‘girly’ things that he chose to play with instead. When my cousin became a teenager, he was so handsome that so many of the girls

Location Privacy in Wireless Networks

Location Privacy in Wireless Networks ARUN TEJA KANUKOLU Introduction: In the past decade we have an enormous development of different wireless technologies a lot of wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth are being implemented. With the development of wireless technologies and the convenience they provide in the aspects of space and time they are being widely used and there comes numerous security issues. A lot of work has been done in the areas of wireless network security but all of which has done only on securing the content or data that is being transferred between devices. The Location privacy has been ignored from the initial stages of development of wireless networks. If the location privacy has been ignored, the users of the wireless networks has to face serious problems. The attacker may not steal data because we use a lot of security techniques like encryption to protect the data but the user and the physical location of the user is always in danger. The attacker may take advantage of this and may threaten him physically or mentally. In order to preserve the location privacy of the user, here I propose a transactional based model in which all the send and receive operations performed from an user are not related to each other hence the location privacy is preserved. TRACKING THE USERS LOCATION: Many localization algorithms have been implemented and are in use which can be used to trace the approximate location of the user based on the packets sent and received. A users many transmissions will simply be correlated if all the transmissions come from an equivalent supply address, and therefore the aggressor will read the supply addresses from every packet. During this section, we have a tendency to demonstrate another supply of knowledge by assumptive that associate degree aggressor cannot decode a users packets, however still needs to be ready to track users around the network. For instance, a user could use sturdy coding, or the aggressor could have insufficient sophistication to create custom Hardware for packet secret writing, however will live the signal and noise levels at a spread of locations. Existing localization algorithms permit every transmission to be narrowed right down to a specific location. These individual transmissions will then be correlate using a quality model, as we have a tendency to describe below. Here I discuss some of the existing algorithms. LOCALIZATION USING RSS (received signal strength): Received signal strength is the reliable and free of cost way of tracking the user’s location. Where, PT Transmitted power calculated in dB RSS is the received signal strength in dB P(d0) is the Path loss in dBm at a distance of d0 N is the Path loss exponent There are several other ways of tracking the user location. Many of the previous researchers used the probability functions to find the location of the user. Although the exact location cannot be found using these probability models an almost approximate location can be easily found. Suppose we trace a location and there are 10 suspects, we can filter them to find the original wireless user that is being attacked. Controlling access at base stations: Since the readying of base stations has an associated price, the network operator should be stipendiary for the employment of the network. One way of achieving this results to want every licensed network node to carry a bit of secure hardware with a isosceles key shared by all network users. A network of affordable size cannot utterly believe on this mechanism to stay a determined aggressor from collaborating in the network. As a result, we have a tendency to explore techniques for confirmative that a user is a component of the network. We use blind signatures in an exceedingly manner that parallels their use in electronic cash: a legitimate user generates variety of public keys, each of that we have a tendency to decision Associate in Nursing identity. The user blinds them (so the network supplier will sign them while not seeing them), and presents them to the network supplier. The network supplier signs these keys and returns them to the user, United Nations agency unblinds them. every key signed in this manner could be a kind of certificate that proves that the identity corresponds to a legitimate user, although the actual user cannot be determined. Secured routing: In order to forestall a malicious node from disrupting routing, the ad hoc networking analysis community continues to explore secure routing protocols Any of those protocols might be slightly modied to figure inside our spec. Depending on user necessities, AN anonymous routing protocol, such as ANODR, might give additional fascinating properties. To show however wed adapt a secure routing protocol to our design, we must take into account AN on-demand routing protocol. We must allow a base station to reply to any Route Discovery; but, because there are a restricted range of base stations and their keys are easily pre-distributed, they will simply send and demonstrate RREPs. We should additionally adapt the prevailing protocols to settle on routes which will traverse  a base station; in hop-by-hop routing, one technique is to own  a node forward the packet to the nearer of the destination node or the  nearest base station, unless the packet is distributed by a base station, in  which case we tend to neer route it to a base station. once a base station receives  a packet, it forwards it to the suitable base station supported  the destinations geographical address. the bottom station with that  the destination is associated then encapsulates the packet so forwarding  nodes apprehend that the packet has already traversed the bottom  station. Periodic protocols will use constant forwarding logic. UNLINKABLE WRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: In this section I propose a transaction based model in which any send and receive functions are not co-related to each other which preserves the location privacy of the user hence our goal is accomplished. Location can only be tracked if the senders address is the same for a period of time. We create a phenomena called random silent period for a node. In that time the sender will not send any thing. The mobile node keep on changing its addresses between different transactions it performs. It can be in synchronization with the base station and mobile station. When a user starts data exchange between other node, it keep on updating the change of address for every send and receive operation and it also makes aware of the new change in address with the receiver. For this system implementation, we should make changes in everything like user registration with the base station and addressing and giving the access to the mobile users. For addressing these nodes we completely change our ip addressing scheme from ipv4 to ipv6. If we use the ipv4 addresses, they are limited in number and hence they may cause collisions. These ipv6 addresses comprised of base station addresses and a reference variable to the users identity. A legitimate user generates variety of public keys, each of that we have a tendency to decision AN identity. The user blinds them so the network supplier will sign them while not seeing them, and presents them to the network supplier. The network supplier signs these keys and returns them to the user, UN agency unblinds them. Every key signed in this method could be a certificate that proves that the identity corresponds to a legitimate user, although the actual user cant be determined. REFERENCES: http://www.comm.toronto.edu/~kostas/Publications2008/pub/proceed/133.pdf http://www.seas.ucla.edu/~wouyang/Received%20Signal%20Strength-Based%20Wireless%20Localization%20via%20Semidefinite%20Programming.pdf http://www.ee.washington.edu/research/nsl/Imote/vanderstoep_thesis.pdf http://jeroendoggen.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/ecumict2010presentation.pdf

Feminine Roles in Othello Essay examples -- Othello essays

Feminine Roles in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚   A variety of roles have women in them in William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Othello. Let us in this essay examine the female characters and their roles.    One key role for the heroine of the drama, Desdemona, is to support the general. David Bevington in William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies states the hero’s dependence on Desdemona:    Othello’s most tortured speeches (3.4.57-77, 4.2.49-66) reveal the extent to which he equates the seemingly betraying woman he has so depended on for happiness with his own mother, who gave Othello’s father a handkerchief and threatened him with loss of her love if he should lose it. (226)    A different role for the heroine appears at the beginning of the play. Iago persuades the rejected suitor of Desdemona, Roderigo, to accompany him to the home of Brabantio, Desdemona’s father, in the middle of the night. Once there the two awaken the senator with loud shouts about his daughter’s elopement with Othello. This is the initial reference to the role of women in the play – the role of young wife. Iago’s bawdy references to the senator’s daughter present a second role of women – that of illicit lover. The father’s attitude is that life without his Desdemona will be much worse than before; without her he foresees â€Å"nought but bitterness.† Here is seen another role or function of women in the drama – that of comforter for the aged. Brabantio is the old father, and he hates to lose the comforting services of his Desdemona.    Othello expresses his sentiments to Iago regarding his relationship with the senator’s daughter, saying    that I love the gentle Desdemona,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I would not my unhoused free condition   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Put into c... ...emona’s falseness. Emilia at this point becomes a beacon of light and truth; she contradicts Iago: â€Å"Thou art rash as fire, to say / That she was false: O, she was heavenly true!† and accuses him of lying and of causing murder: â€Å"And your reports have set the murder on.† Emilia’s stunning interrogation and conviction of her own husband cost her dearly; she is thus absolved from her earlier collaboration with Iago and ends on a note of innocence.    Thus it is seen that the roles of women are many and varied – and are key to the successful development of the story.    WORKS CITED    Bevington, David, ed. William Shakespeare: Four Tragedies. New York: Bantam Books, 1980.    Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.   

The Storm

It was a normal mid August afternoon, and as I plodded along the ordinary, yet somewhat apprehensive North Close, I knew something was wrong. My insides started to become tight, and my stomach rolled around and around, as if it was doing somersaults. I cautiously turned around. Nothing. My insides were getting tighter, and a sharp pain, as if someone had thrusted a blunt dagger into my side, started. I fell to the floor, almost knocked unconscious by the ever increasing pain. Salty tears rolled down my face, as I struggled and fought my way to my feet. Suddenly, the sharp stabbing pains had vanished. Nothing. Again, I turned round, this time not knowing what, if anything, was behind me. Again, nothing. I stared at the August sky, and soon realised that something wasn't right. Those clouds, those big black malicious looking clouds, growing larger and larger, spreading left and right, covering every millimetre of the cobalt blue sky. They were unlike normal clouds. They were a rich black colour, like the colour of soot, and seemed almost human-like. My stomach churned again, and the pain returned, this time, stronger and more painful than before. I staggered home, tears flowing down my cheeks, and splashing onto the hard, rocky pavement. I could see my ouse in the distance. Coloured hay yellow and on the corner of Colorado Close and Main Street, it was extremely distinctive, and couldn't be mistaken, although one really annoying and bothersome drunk continuously argues that it is a pub. I stopped, just short of the pelican crossing, and listened. The noticeable rumble of thunder filled the sky, and a large crack of lightning blasted through the air. A long pause, so long in fact, that it felt like an eternity. Nothing, not even the minute sound of a travelling car, or the scurrying of a terrified cat, just an unearthly silence. I continued to teeter and totter home, the pain becoming

Is intelligence innate? Essay

For many years, there had been a debate over whether genes alone can determine one’s intelligence or whether the environment and training can increase one’s intelligence. Some scientists think that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions. This is known as the â€Å"nature† theory of human behavior. Other scientists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the â€Å"nurture† theory of human behavior. Intelligence can be employed to indicate the amount of knowledge available and the rapidity with which new knowledge is acquired; the ability to adapt to new situations and to handle concepts, relationships, and abstract symbols. Scientists have known for years that traits such as eye color and hair color are determined by specific genes encoded in each human cell. The Nature Theory takes things a step further to say that more abstract traits such as intelligence, personality, aggression, and sexual orientation are also encoded in an individual’s DNA. Therefore, it is argued that intelligence is innate. People are born with it. There are also beliefs that the more folds you have in your brain, the more intelligent you are as your brain contains more neurons. Intelligence can be inherited. This can be used to explain why people say that Jews are smart. According to adoption studies, adopted children have more similar intelligence scores than their adoptive parents who reared them from birth. Supporters of the Nurture Theory do not deny that genetic tendencies may exist, but believe that they ultimately do not matter. Our behavioral aspects originate only from the environmental factors of our upbringing. Therefore, intelligence can be increased or augmented if one goes through training. The importance of twin studies is evident if we look at the studies objectively, if intelligence is basically hereditary, identical twins who have the same genetic legacy. Jones’s study (1946) shows that there is a modest difference in the intelligence test scores of twins reared apart, and the more divergent the environments, the greater the difference. I believe that it is a combination of both nature and nurture. Intelligence can be increased by training, but how much it can be increased very much  depend on one’s innate intelligence. We are all born with a certain I.Q.. Some people may have higher intelligence than others. However, if both a high I.Q. person and low I.Q. person goes through similar training, they can both increase their intelligence, but it would be easier for the high I.Q. person to increase his/her intelligence. I feel that it is not possible for one’s intelligence to be solely determined by the genes. If this had been the case, we would be living in a scary world. Our intelligence would be decided once we are born, and there is nothing we can do to change it. We have to live with it for the rest of our lives. I believe our environment plays a part. We can only fulfill our genetic potential by first, optimizing our environmental factors. For example, people living in third world countries may be born with the same intelligence level as other people in first world countries. However, they do not have the optimum environment to realize their potential, thus they fare much worse than others in first world countries. Genes only serve as guidelines. The rest is derived from interactions with the environment. Individual intelligence and human behavior cannot be predicted based on knowledge of genetics and the environment. When something is considered determined, free will is destroyed.