Terrorism essay writing
Essay Topics On Solar System
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Practice of CSR components in Melbourne Water students - Free Samples
Question: Examine about the Practice of CSR parts in Melbourne Water understudies. Answer: Presentation This examination manages clarifying the hypothesis of Corporate Social Responsibility that is polished at Melbourne water (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). Melbourne water is one of the Australian organizations that are recorded as Australias top business pioneers in the Corporate Social Responsibility. The organization supplies water from 9 significant repositories with an all out capacity of 1773000 million liters, 64 assistance stores and 1030 kilometers of water dissemination mains. The organization works 46 seepage, water siphoning stations just as sewage (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). Melbourne Water deals with the water flexibly catchments just as expels and treats the vast majority of the sewage and oversees further waterways and brooks that are available in the significant waste frameworks. The Sustainability Report of Melbourne Water clarifies how the organization meets social just as ecological obligations. Melbourne Water takes part in taking a gander at fusing cours e from the Global Reporting Initiative. Here, GRI is one of the all around centered not-revenue driven association that built up a treatment structure with the end goal of maintainability introduction (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Corporate Social Responsibility and its training in Melbourne Water Supportability improvement is the advancement that targets addressing the necessities of present without trading off the expertise of standpoint ages for addressing their own needs (Takkar 2015). Melbourne water is submitted towards securing just as preserving water assets of the organization. They have faith in ensuring just as improving the condition that incorporates biodiversity. The organization guarantees capable hazard the executives. Melbourne water has confidence in sharing of data just as encouraging community oriented working connections. The organization targets keeping up proceeding with money related attainability and contributing towards checking the strength of the network all in all. Melbourne water exhibits corporate social obligation and guarantees intergenerational decency by considering moment just as long haul suggestions in all dynamic exercises (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). In this manner, Melbourne water has faith in giving environmental factors where HR are idealistic for accomplishing their full planned. Melbourne Water puts stock in distinguishing just as meeting client desires. Also, the organization has confidence in creating suffering associations with retail water business, clients just as engineers through open and straightforward correspondence (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). Melbourne Water targets building participation with all the degrees of government just as controllers. The organization creates programs for supporting corporate social duty. Moreover, Melbourne Water cultivates the trading of information that working with the network. The organization targets creating joint dealings with the providers so as to pick up help for manageability principle convictions (Tai and Chuang 2014). Parts of CSR Social Reporting So as to accomplish vision of a maintainable water future, Melbourne water need to consolidate maintainability theory in everything that is performed or arranged (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). The organization had occupied with executing Preferred Culture Program that targets estimating authoritative culture just as moving in the direction of actualizing a favored culture for all. Melbourne water keeps up solid relationship with the partners and put a push to raise awareness inside the neighborhood society about water cycle that rely upon how beneficially the organization can consolidate manageability reasoning in day by day activities (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Melbourne water executed corporate focuses as to flood alleviation works. Melbourne water targets working with key partners on methodology for distinguishing choices just as giving recommendation to the better productivity of flood organization for diminishing future misfortunes and effect on the general publi c in general (Suliman, Al-Khatib and Thomas 2016). Natural Reporting Melbourne water is endeavoring to lessen the effect on the characteristic environmental factors just as consider the effect in all the readiness procedure (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). The biological system comprises of broad earthly just as marine living spaces that help in excess of 1860 types of local plants and 600 types of local winged creatures and creatures. From these, 296 vegetation species just as 128 fauna species are considered as undermined. Melbourne Water targets improving ecological results from all parts of business exercises. To that, Melbourne Water takes part in improving stream wellbeing just as the marine condition all in all. The organization ought to get improvement the biodiversity just as saving and advancing social legacy in the most suitable manner (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Melbourne Water cultivates water culture that empowers reasonable conduct just as supports work environment arrangements and practices simultaneously. The organization even empowers just as perceives advancement and thoughts for economical upgrades for future examination reason (Servaes and Tamayo 2013). Effects of social answering to network Key accomplishments It is noticed that future pursuit gathering occurred so as to find how Melbourne water can function admirably with the partners for overseeing just as ensuring conduits and bayous (Pedersen 2015). Built up a Preferred Culture Program for making just as encourage the favored work place condition (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) In excess of 12500 individuals originate from multicultural society that visit Eastern and Western treatment plants for determined year Disillusionments Melbourne water got in excess of 130 grumblings with respect to stylish nature of water flexibly (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) Increment in the quantity of lost time wounds for given year (McWilliams 2014) Difficulties Melbourne water faces difficulties since they need to keep up just as keep on showing signs of improvement dealings with other retail water organizations (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Melbourne water needs to pull in and hold sufficiently gifted work power for satisfying the exchange needs of the not so distant future (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). Melbourne water should ensure that there is a general public of inward cooperation just as data sharing inside the organization (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017) Melbourne water ought to build up a culture of supportable conduct in and over the organization Effect of natural answering to network Key accomplishments Melbourne water arrived at a similarity on biological streams for the Yarra waterway after conversation with the key partners that targets conveying additional 20 billion liters of stream of Yarra waterway (Korschun, Bhattacharya. also, Swain 2014). Melbourne water bolstered accomplishment of the draft of Central Region Sustainable Water Strategy just as Water Supply Demand Strategy for Melbourne. Melbourne water had reexamined Waterways working Charter by method of building up outline for overseeing streams just as waste for a time of multi year water Plan. Melbourne water had met sustainable power source just as nursery discharge decrease targets (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) Melbourne water had diminished smell just as nitrogen stacks that brought about moving up toward the Western Treatment Plant Melbourne water got recreational water arrangement that was awesome for all the destinations that was continually checked at Boags Rocks and rewarded profluent that is released from the Eastern Treatment Plant (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017). Melbourne water had accomplished 100% EPA Victoria operational permit consistence at both Eastern just as Western treatment plants (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) Melbourne water had effectively finished multi-office venture that include Harper At Drain that was situated at three significant point sources in dirtying the Yarra waterway (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017) Frustrations There was coincidental release of aluminum sulfate into Sugarloaf Creek from Sugarloaf supply just as fluoride spill into Cardinia Creek from Cardinia Reservoir. To this, it is comprehended that both the breaks were fixed just as brooks that should be routinely checked by Melbourne water (Hopkins 2016) The measure of litter that proceeds for discovering its way into waterways just as rivers (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017) Melbourne water neglects to meet biosolids reuse targets (Cheng, Ioannou and Serafeim 2014) Difficulties Melbourne water need to contend the natural advancement conduct at the Eastern Treatment plant for lessening the effect of marine condition (Melbournewater.com.au 2017) Melbourne water need to continually discover practicable alternatives for reusing the regarded emanating from Eastern just as Western treatment plants for diminishing effects on the marine setting just as utilizing important assets (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014) Melbourne water should focus on economically reusing biosolids from both of the treatment plants (Zentes, Morschett and Schramm-Klein 2017) Melbourne water ought to viably oversee, keep up just as improve in the territories of characteristic resources and biodiversity (Melbournewater.com.au 2017). End Toward the finish of the investigation, it is reasoned that Melbourne Water is one of the pioneer in the Corporate Social Responsibility. The examination talks about how the parts of corporate social duty are rehearsed in Melbourne Water. The segments clarified are social announcing and natural detailing that are chiefly rehearsed at Melbourne Water. The examination even assessed how the segments sway the neighborhood network all in all. The result
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Are Science and Religion in Conflict Free Essays
Are Science and Religion in Conflict? Indeed,a struggle exists among science and religion anyway the contention depends on the absence of acknowledgment and tremendous misguided judgments which individuals from either side are reluctant to relinquish. The contention among science and religion exists in light of the fact that there is an absence of consistency between the outcomes accomplished through logical disclosure and the convictions required by a religion to follow. This has prompted the development of two boundaries I. We will compose a custom paper test on Are Science and Religion in Conflict? or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now e. either acknowledge confidence and the regulations required by confidence to be watched or acknowledge the sound philosophies of science. In an article distributed by ââ¬Å"The Atlanticâ⬠, the writer is of the feeling that tackling the conundrum that makes the contention among science and religion is of most extreme significance for the present age. This is a result of the explanation that these two ways of thinking are the most compelling powers and guide the manner in which we live our lives (Alfred). Science and religion since their beginning have been in a condition of consistent turn of events. Anyway this improvement has been the other way I. e. nitially science examined the writing furnished by religion anyway with the improvement of logical research, certain strict ideas stayed problematic in light of the fact that they were considered ââ¬Å"Abstractâ⬠by science. This has prompted individuals tolerating one side to be valid and the other bogus (Alfred). There is a contention among science and religion anyway this is a result of the way that individuals are reluctant to examine both and stick to the other side. This has prompted the lasting lodging of misguided judgments in the brains of individuals and is fanning the fire I. e. expanding the contention between the two different ways of life. The significant purpose for the contention among science and religion is the absence of acknowledgment of ends came to by either science or religion with respect to a specific issue. On the off chance that science put all the more light on the point being talked about, strict researchers would deny those realities dependent on the grounds that the exploration is ââ¬Å"blasphemousâ⬠and negates essential strict standards. An article by the ââ¬Å"Timesâ⬠magazine expresses the Christian Church and different religions including Islam center around key parts of human creation, for example, the ownership of a spirit by each person or the marvels performed by holy people and ââ¬Å"Men of Godâ⬠. Science anyway centers around better approaches for evaluating and estimating human advancement; both the ideas make a contention (Dan, 2006). Science has had the option to demonstrate the physical presence of feelings, for example, enthusiasm, outrage by finding it in various pieces of the mind. This negates with the guideline followed by most religions in regards to the nearness of a spirit in each human and how that spirit is liberated from substantial capacities and so forth. Anyway acknowledgment of this is denied by strict researchers dependent on the grounds that the idea of the Afterlife is essential to most religions and the idea of the spirit is incredibly in harmoniousness with the Afterlife (Dan, 2006). Logical research ought not be seen as a danger to the essentials of a religion rather the investigations ought to be seen as being keen I. e. the exploration further explains strict ideas instead of condemning them. There are sure driving elements that oversee the presence and acknowledgment of the contention among science and religion. Childhood, Education and Social conduct are a portion of the components that lead to individuals in both the logical and strict networks to acknowledge that there in reality is a crack among science and religion. In an article by Elaine Howard of Rice University and Jerry Z. Park of Baylor University, they gave the aftereffects of an investigation they did which included the choice of 21 American researchers who were viewed as among the first class of the time. They considered their demeanor towards religion and reasoned that all researchers I. e. hether a naturalist or social researcher, have various degrees of acknowledgment towards the contention that exists among science and religion. The acknowledgment is influenced by their way of life and degree of strict practice (Ecklund Park, 2009). Since everybody needs something to trust in, researchers who don't have a place with an exacting strict foundation promptly acknowledge the contention since they have committed their life to one specific way of thinking. This recognition is framed after broad research dependent on sane reasoning and looking for verification of everything which makes researchers so incredulous about strict convictions. Among researchers anyway there is an absence of acknowledgment towards a religion regardless of whether he/she is an adherent. This is a direct result of the apparent weight they would get if their companions in mainstream researchers were to find this reality (Elaine, 2010). The best way to determine the contention is to acknowledge strict assorted variety just as the free conversation of logical ideas without being decided as being godless. It is through this open conversation that the false impressions that exist between researchers of the two limits be cleared. The manners in which the logical ideas are educated in schools are one of the significant reasons for the contention. Since the educators don't have away from and comprehension of the logical ideas, they give insufficient data to the understudies joining in. In an article named ââ¬Å"First Year College Studentsââ¬â¢ Conflict with Religion and Scienceâ⬠gave by the Georgia State University, the writer discloses to us that it is in the human instinct to see oneself to be superior to the rest. The overall population will in general decipher and make their own recognitions with respect to logical ideas and strict convictions. The self-understandings lead to misguided judgments which are significant reason for the fracture that exists among science and religion (Martin, 2008). The schools and educators inside those schools instruct in a way that fixes and confines the cerebrum of the understudy to think past what is thought. The unbending ideas become perpetual with the progression of time which prompts the dismissal of something besides the firmly held ideas. Science and religion create after some time, now and again in any event, commending one another. On the off chance that an away from of the progressions would not be gotten, there would consistently be space for misinterpretations. In this way to evacuate the contention at a rudimentary stage, instructors ought to urge understudies to decipher logical research anyway they should comprehend what is correct and what isn't so as to address the misinterpretations when they emerge. An Evangelist is an individual who lectures religious on their own discernment about the convictions principal to the confidence. Christian evangelists have consistently been distrustful towards logical ideas just as religious hypotheses about the making of the world. Amos Yong did an investigation of different artistic works identified with the clarification of the contention worldview among science and religion. The discoveries were summed up in the article named ââ¬Å"Science and Religion: Introducing the Issues, Entering the Debates â⬠A survey essayâ⬠and concentrated fundamentally on finding approaches to adjust the strategies for the congregation to logical procedures (Yong, 2011). The examination distinguished different theoretical structures that could be received which would adjust the manner of thinking of the evangelist with logical techniques. Different estimates that could be embraced incorporate focusing on the individuals lower in the pecking order at the congregation. These individuals could be trained the ideas of science and how science can all the more likely clarify religion (Yong, 2011). The best way to determine the contention that exists for evangelists is to adjust their strict convictions to sane logical strategies. Since an evangelist is an exacting devotee to confidence, the convictions would consistently be basic anyway better logical information can help connect the distinctions. Science depends on strategies and the basis behind each marvel. Religion anyway then again requires the adherent to keep confidence in the major standards. Both present an alternate image of something very similar and it is this distinction in recognition that has built up a contention among science and religion. Science and Religion are cut out of the same cloth. These two schools of contemplations add to one another as opposed to veering. Strict ideas, for example, profound quality can be better comprehended through logical research which comprehends and cling to religion better. There is an association of information among science and religion which whenever fortified is in the kindness of things to come of mankind. Science and religion have a point where the two schools of contemplations meet. One of the focuses is nature of being otherworldly. In spite of the fact that researchers take a shot at the premise of reasonability, they despite everything have a profound side which permits them to keep confidence while investigating the skylines of science and thinking. In an article titled ââ¬Å"Science versus Religion: What Scientists Really Thinkâ⬠, the creator Elaine Ecklund states that even agnostics have a specific degree of otherworldliness inside them. The otherworldliness may not really be related with keeping confidence anyway there is an anomaly in regards to the start and development of our plant and presence (Elaine, 2010). The profound side inside researchers is advanced by their childhood and training. The profound side makes them keen on strict convictions. Through their logical methodology and faith in strict ideas, it makes it simpler for them to concentrate on logical research and demonstrating strict ideas to be precise (Elaine, 2010). In this way otherworldliness prompts a superior logical thinking way to deal with be received. Through strict contribution logical research can be refined and complex inquiry
Tuesday, August 18, 2020
Vitamins and Dietary Supplements
Vitamins and Dietary Supplements FDA Regulations Regarding Vitamins and Dietary Supplements HomeâºInformative PostsâºFDA Regulations Regarding Vitamins and Dietary Supplements Informative PostsDietary supplements, nutritional supplements or food supplement are preparations that supplement the diet and provides certain essential nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, fibers and amino acids that is either missing in the diet or is available but insufficient in quantities. The definition of dietary supplement varies from countries, with others categorizing it as food while others categorize it as natural health products or drugs. Codex Alimentarius; a collection of international guidelines ,standards ,codes and recommendations that relate to food production, food safety and foods categorize supplements containing dietary minerals and vitamins as food(Altman, pgs 34). The codex alimentarius that is an organization sponsored by food and Agriculture Commission and the world heath organization draw s up these texts. This research paper gives an insight on the roles of Food and Drugs Administration and answers the question whether the FDA require more regulations to ensure the safety of Dietary supplements.The FDA, which is an abbreviation for Food and Drug Administration, is responsible for the regulation of dietary supplements categorized as foods and not dietary supplements categorized as drugs. It is important to note the pharmaceuticals companies should obtain approval by the FDA, a process that involve assessing the benefits and the potential risks a head of their entry into the market. The distributors and manufacturers must notify the FDA before introducing before marketing the dietary supplements that contains new ingredients such as mineral, vitamins, amino acids herb or any other botanical( Flynn ,pgs 56).The dietary supplement with new ingredients intended for use by people for the purposes of increasing the dietary intake of particular minerals, vitamins or the introduction of new ingredients to the supplements with an aim of increasing an extract, constituent, metabolite or concentrate or any combination from the above should not enter the market before notification of the FDA. Such a notification by distributors and manufacturers dealing in the food should indicate the information on safety of the new ingredient, pending the marketing of the dietary supplement until the seventy-five days after notification elapses. The FDA is responsible for reviewing the information to ascertain the adequacy of information provided and consider safety concerns (Altman, pgs 34).In the year 2007, the FDA implemented the existing good manufacturing practices guidelines with an aim of ensuring that the quality of dietary supplements is up to the international standards ,is free of impurities or contaminant and the labeling is accurate. This policy equally ensures that the labeling, manufacturing, packaging and storing of the dietary supplements is up to st andards set by FAO and WHO. The Food and Drugs Administration also monitors the design and the construction of the plants that manufacture the dietary supplements, the keeping of records, testing of ingredients ,final products and complaints processes as part of as part of quality assurance .Good manufacturing practices refers to the strict and detailed procedures set out to ensure quality of the manufacturing process of certain products such as food, drugs and dietary supplements . The good manufacturing practices proposed by the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) helps establish systems that are able to prevent inconsistency, product contamination, unsanitary manufacturing, mistakes in product labeling and other production processes that have effects on human health. In the year 2003, the Food and Drugs Administration proposed a guideline for the current good manufacturing practices in relations to manufacturing, dietary ingredients, packaging and the dietary supplements.Th e Food and Drugs Administration experience certain challenges such as the 1994 passing of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DHSEA) , which limited the ability of the Food and drugs Administration to exercise authority over the dietary supplements as long as the distributors and manufacturers make no claim that their products treats ,prevents or cures diseases (Jaroff, pgs 75). The DHSEA is a product of intense lobbying by the manufacturers of the dietary supplements. This law exposes the consumers of dietary supplements to the risks of using substandard products, products containing harmful substances and the health risks associated with consumption of products with impurities and contaminants.This had negative effect on the responsibility of Food and Drugs and Administration since it has to prove that a dietary supplement contains harmful substances or is not safe. As a result, the FDA has made very little progress in terms of ensuring that the manufacturing companie s produce high quality and standardized products since it has only been able to top find the dietary supplement ephedra (the energy and weight loss substance) unsafe. The DHSEA provisions have negative impact on the regulation of the dietary supplement industry since it gives too much freedom to the dietary supplement manufacturers while restricting the ability of FDA to enforce standards and monitor quality of products.DHSEA restricts the ability of Food and Drugs Administration to regulate the activities of manufacturers hence providing little protection to the consumers from using harmful products available in the market. It is important to note that under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act it is the responsibility of the manufacturers to ensure that the dietary supplement they are producing are actually safe for human consumption before they commence marketing the products or distributing the dietary supplement to the market. The Food and Drugs Administration on the other hand can only take appropriate action once the dietary supplements already reach the market. In general, the manufacturers of the dietary supplement do not have to get approval from the Food and Drugs Administration of register with the FDA before they produce or sell the dietary supplements to the public. It is therefore incumbent upon the manufacturers of the dietary supplements to ensure that their products are safe for human consumption.There is equally need to develop regulations that compel the manufacturers of dietary supplements to convince or demonstrate to the Food and Drugs Administration that their products are safe for human consumption and that the information provided on the label is accurate. Currently, there is no provision or regulation in the law that compels the manufacturers of the dietary supplements to demonstrate to the Food and Drugs Administration or the consumers that the information and evidence on the safety of their products is accurate. It shoul d be mandatory requirement of every manufacturer to inform the FDA and by extension, the consumers of the evidence on the safety of dietary supplements they are producing.The FDA need to have extra regulations to enable it validate claims from consumers that regards the safety of dietary supplements. The FDA Should be able the claims that concerns on the contents of advertisements, printed media, product labels and media. Currently, the responsibility of validating such claims from the consumers or public lies with the manufacturers. The Food and Drugs Administration should be able to handle the claims relating to health, structures or function and the ingredient content claims. The is need to establish legislations that mandates the FDA consumer claims concerning disease, food substance or health ,the contents of the dietary supplements, and the potential benefits of using a particular dietary product. The FDA should have a greater influence and a tighter control of the dietary s upplement industry in order to protect the consumers from unsafe products.There is need to come up with a regulation that eliminates the restrictions on health claims concerning dietary supplements since there are sufficient mechanisms that can hinder misleading and false claims. This will enable the FDA ensure that weight loss claims are true .It is equally prudent to come up with regulations that will enable the FDA keep information on the dietary supplements in the market and their manufacturers for purposes of handling claims and concerns from the consumers. The regulations should enable the FDA have other means of carrying out their mandate other than relying on adverse reports such as deaths, illnesses and injuries.There debate on whether the Food and Drugs Administration require extra regulations to perform its duties is double sided. The argument that the Food and Drugs Administration has adequate regulations to carry out its limited mandated advances that the manufacturers of dietary supplements should not register with the Food and Drugs Administration and that the manufacturers do not need to obtain any kind of approval from the FDA before the produce or sell their products to the consumers. The are people who are comfortable with the fact that the manufacturers are and should be responsible for ensuring safety of the dietary supplements before releasing their products to the market.The passing of DSHEA thrived on the argument that consumers should have an opportunity to make their own choices as regards the use or consumption of dietary supplement and that involvement of the FDA amounts to government infringing on the rights of Americans to choose. In line with this argument is the claim that consumers should be able to make choices on preventive healthcare programs depending on data from studies on health benefits of particular dietary supplements as long as the study is scientific. The individuals who favor this argument hold that the America n government should not impose regulations that are unreasonable hence slowing or limiting the flow of information and safe dietary supplements from reaching the consumers.There is an argument that if unrestricted or unlimited, the FDA will arbitrarily take punitive actions against particular dietary supplement manufacturers without fully demonstrating that their dietary supplements are actually unsafe. The power of FDA to remove a product from the market need to be restricted since they may remove a dietary supplement from the market based on some kind of arbitrary standard they consider reasonable and based on lack of adequate information.In conclusion, the FDA needs to have more regulations to ensure that they execute their mandate properly and protect the consumers from any unsafe dietary supplements. The manufacturing companies should be able to demonstrate to the FDA that the dietary supplements they are producing are safe, as this will eliminate the chances of any unsafe prod uct from reaching the market. The current regulations and legislations in place are not sufficient to enable the FDA protect the consumers from the risks of using harmful substances marketed as food supplement. There is need to come up with policies that can enable the Food and Drugs Administration ensure that the manufacturers of dietary supplements operate within the internationally recognized standards.The regulations should help the Food and Drugs Administration ensure safety of the dietary supplements before they enter the market. It is however important to ensure that any regulation aimed at bolstering the efficiency of the FDA does not affect the manufacturers of dietary supplement negatively hence resulting in a deficit of the important products. The FDA should be able to ensure that the dietary supplements are safe for consumption and that the consumers are in a position to make informed choices about the dietary supplements in order to improve their health.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Restoration Tragedy - 3561 Words
Restoration tragedy THE lesser tragic writers of this period, uninspired as most of their work seems when judged on its own merits, fall inevitably to a still lower level by comparison with the amazing literary powers of their great leader, Dryden. They have all his faults and only a small and occasional admixture of his strength and resource. In tragedy, as in other departments of literature, the genius of Dryden overtops, on a general estimate, the productions of his lesser contemporaries, and how closely his lead in the drama was followed may be correctly estimated from the fact that, in 1678, on his abandoning the use of rimed verse in the drama, his followers also dropped this impossible form, wisely reflecting, no doubt, that whenâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦3 | | | The heroic play was not, however, an entirely new growth. For the most part, it was French, but the influence of the | | |Elizabethan dramatists may also be traced in it; and though, at first sight, it may appear to represent a departure from | | |previous methods and ideals, and to be a distinct breaking-away from the established traditions of tragedy in England, yet a | | |more careful examination shows that, in the main, it was the natural successor of the late Elizabethan drama, modified | | |according to prevailing tastes, and confined within the pseudo-classical limits which were the order of the day. Under these | | |conditions, it is not surprising that the heroic play did not take deep root in English soil. By 1680, tragedies in verse were| | |going out of fashion, and the English tragic manner, as opposed to the French, began to re-assert itself in the work of | | |contemporary dramatists. | | The works of the great French dramatists had, also, a considerable direct influence on English tragedy during the restorationShow MoreRelatedIs King Lear A Tragic Hero Essay1358 Words à |à 6 PagesKing Lear, one of William Shakespeare s greatest tragedies, depicts a society in grim circumstances. As with all tragedies, there exists a tragic hero [1] , one who possesses a fatal flaw that initiates the tragedy and all the sufferings that follow. In this play, the tragic hero is undoubtedly the title character, King Lear. The plot is driven by the power and consequence of losses, more specifically, the losses of Lear. In the course the play, King Lear, because of his flaws, loses his authorityRead MoreThe Tragedy Of A Tragic Hero1115 Words à |à 5 Pages FORMS Tragedy. The protagonist (hero or heroine) is overcome in the conflict and meets a tragic end. The tone is serious and build in the audience a fatalistic sense of the inevitability of the outcome and, as a result, is sometimes frightening. Yet the inescapable aspects of the catastrophe serve as a catharsis that somehow inexplicably purges the viewer of pity and fear. The significance, then, is not that the protagonist meets with an inevitable catastrophe, but rather theRead MoreOedipus The King : A Classical Tragedy1272 Words à |à 6 PagesOedipus the King is a classical tragedy that derives its meaning through the experiences of its tragic hero, Oedipus. Throughout the play, the eminent characteristic of Oedipus is his ignorance of the truth that inevitably leads to his downfall. This ignorance of truth is a characteristic found within the Aristotelian definition of a tragedy. Tragedy, as defined by Aristotle in his Poetics, are imitations of actions and are not narrative. This m eans that tragedies are often demonstrated through theRead MoreAll For Love: More Sentiment than Tragedy Essay1224 Words à |à 5 Pages The heroic play was the special product of the Restorations drama. The Puritan rule closed the theatre in England in 1642. But the drama retained its hold under the Cromwell government. The playwright William Davenant obtained permission to stage a play called #161;#167;The Siege of Rhodes#161;#168; an opera* in 1656. To this opera pattern, Dryden contributed the heroic play, #161;#167;The Conquest of Granada#161;#168;. In it he cited examples of the ancient Greek writer Ariosto, withRead MoreConventions of Drama1980 Words à |à 8 Pagessociety. The society present during the time in which a play was written had a direct influence on the plot and characters. This is because drama is defined as a representation of life. Four plays which have been selected from Greek, Elizabethan, Restoration and Modern times can be analysed to show and represent the changes of drama. These plays are #8220;Oedipus the King#8221;, #8220;Macbeth#8221;, #8220;The Way of the World#8221; and #8220;A Doll#8217;s House#8221;. The early originsRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Oedipus And Plato 1636 Words à |à 7 PagesKAUFMANNââ¬â¢S OEDIPUS AND PLATOââ¬â¢S SOCRATES In Chapter Four of his book, Tragedy and Philosophy, Walter Kaufmann claims that Sophoclesââ¬â¢ play Oedipus Rex is one of the greatest tragedies ever written in part because it presents so vividly five characteristics of human life which make our existence so tragic. The purpose of this paper will be, first, to present Kaufmannââ¬â¢s view and, second, to apply these same characteristics to Platoââ¬â¢s dialogues in general and to the characters in Platoââ¬â¢s dialogues,Read MoreAristotles concept of catharsis5883 Words à |à 24 PagesUniversity Abstract: Aristotle writes the Poetics as an investigation into representational art and, more specifically, as an investigation into the art form of tragedy. While Aristotle goes into great detail regarding the technical aspects of creating and appreciating a work of tragedy, he is somewhat lacking in his descriptions of how tragedy is enjoyed by an audience. Aristotle speaks of this tragic pleasure in two ways; as the pleasure of mimesis, and as the pleasure of catharsis. If we come toRead More Conventions Of Drama Essay1926 Words à |à 8 Pagessociety. The society present during the time in which a play was written had a direct influence on the plot and characters. This is because drama is defined as a representation of life. Four plays which have been selected from Greek, Elizabethan, Restoration and Modern times can be analysed to show and represent the changes of drama. These plays are amp;#8220;Oedipus the King;, amp;#8220;Macbeth;, amp;#8220;The Way of the World; and amp;#8220;A Dollamp;#8217;s House;. The early origins ofRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of King Lear1310 Words à |à 6 PagesKing Lear, one of William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s greatest tragedies, depicts a society in uninviting circumstances. Tragedy is depicted by the downfall of a noble hero, usually through a combination of arrogance and fate. The tragic hero s wish to achieve a goal encounters limits, those of human inability, the gods, or nature. As with all tragedies, there exists a tragic hero, one who possesses a calamitous flaw that establishes the tragedy and all the sufferings that follow. In this play, the tragic heroRead MoreDr. Faustus Is a Morality Play Without a Moral. Discuss.2775 Words à |à 12 PagesFirstly we must decide whether Dr Faustus is a morality play; I will do this by discussing the play s form, content and subject matter in an attempt to categorise the play. I will also offer an alternative argument by saying that the play is in fact a tragedy. Secondly we must decide whether or not it has a mora l; to do this I will consider the tone of certain parts of the play, in particular the Chorus speeches as well as the speech of other characters. Let us first deal with the categorisation of
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
Counselor Reflection Essay - 809 Words
School counselors are integral team members for any school staff. They help students make responsible decisions; mediate problems; deal with traumatic losses; develop a sense of respect for themselves and others; and plan for college, work, post-secondary training, and lifelong learning. As a school counselor, Nikki Williams has a desire to provide Miller Elementary school with an effective counseling program. This model has allowed her to be more accountable and given her the tools by which to assess the worth of my program and its services. Her knowledge and skills have been expanded through implementation of this program but, more importantly, the tone has been set for who she is as a counselor and where her desire is to go as sheâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦She feels it is vital to collaborate with her staff. They meet regularly to review school data and identify obstacles to higher achievement. Through their collaborative efforts they problem solve and share their craft and knowledge. She feels that this encourages more open staff relationships, promotes collegiality, and allows everyone to work towards a common goal. For example, she has been working closely with the teacher of the fifth grade special education group. She meets with this teacher regularly to put a plan in action to best meet the academic needs of these students. Her involvement in grade level and SST meetings give me the opportunity to partner with teachers, school psychologists, and other resource personnel by collaborating to identify and resolve student problems by designing the most appropriate and innovative program or instructional modifications. Advocacy To be seen as an advocate for ââ¬Å"all studentsâ⬠is important to her; for she is anShow MoreRelatedCounselor Reflection Paper1242 Words à |à 5 PagesAs I reflect on some of my central values and beliefs, two questions emerge. Why are they so relevant? How can they either inhibit or facilitate my work as a counselor? The core of an apple comes to my mind. It is within the core, in the center, where the seeds, the fruitââ¬â¢s potential, are held. The same happens to me; my beliefs and values I hold very close to my heart. They guide me, inspire me, and help me to recover during hard times. In my opinion, these values were instilled in me by the wayRead MoreCounselor Leadership Reflection Paper926 Words à |à 4 Pages Sometime it s just a certain moment of a day or maybe sequence of events that happen over a few days. For me I went on I life changing 3 week journey to help find myself and discover how I want to be. I would like to introduce you to the CLP (counselor Le adership program). Here we are trained to become better leaders, Trained to be lifeguards, and go through I life changing experience climbing a 13,000 ft mountain we the new brother and sister you create during the program. Within the first fewRead MoreGroup Reflection : Group Process767 Words à |à 4 PagesGroup Reflection Group My concept of what a group consist of is a story that needs to be told and heard from many people with similar issues or problems. The group is a tool to help each member to gain some insight on how they can change or make a difference in their lives for the future. I feel that a group is a place where new relationships can develop and to find self again. Group Process The group process is facilitated by a counselor by the process has to be done by the members. It can be easyRead MoreCounseling, Reflection, And Setting Goals1317 Words à |à 6 PagesIn my first six sessions, it seemed to me the mindset of the counselor in the session is one of the tantamount elements in dictating the outcome of the clientââ¬â¢s experience. The first session I experienced brought on nervousness and uncertainty which led to insecurity. However, the more time I spent listening to my client the more comfortable I became with the role of counselor. Such feelings of comfort brought with it the ability to be more self-aware and client focused in the session. When I wasRead MoreEthics Reflection of the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC)576 Words à |à 2 PagesFirst impression of the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) Code of Ethics is that this is a very standing ethical code. The NBCC Code of Ethics covers all aspects of how a counselor shou ld advocate, represent, and protect. The NBCC Code of Ethics prevents a counselor from counseling in a field that they do not have training, and it prevents a counselor from unlawful discrimination The NBCC Code of Ethics even regulates how a counselor should behavior on social media in regards to theirRead MoreCounseling Services For A Counselor1565 Words à |à 7 PagesAssignment 1. There are times a counselor might need to decline to provide counseling services to some clients/students who request them. a) In what circumstances might this be appropriate and ethical and how should that process be handled by the counselor? b) When would it be unethical for a counselor to decline to provide services? Support each response with a minimum of 3 relevant ACA and/or ASCA codes and the textbook. a) There are several times that a counselor might need to decline to provideRead MoreSchool Counselor Is Not All Fun And Games1409 Words à |à 6 PagesHow does school counseling affect students in a school environment? What do counselor do? How do you become a school counselor? This paper can can answer all of your questions. Starting with information about being a school counselor and ending with the training you will have to go through to become a counselor. Buckle up your seat belt and join me a journey to your possible future. Career Information School counselors make $53,610 a year and $25.77 an hour. They must contain interpersonal skillsRead MoreAccountability in School Counseling Program Essay1351 Words à |à 6 Pagesaccountability for student outcomes in order to give school counselors valuable data to assess and improve goals (Dahir Stone, 2009). The ASCA National Model also supports the importance for accountability by including it as one of the essential elements, which provide structure and framework for the school counselor and counseling program (ASCA, 2005). The element of accountability, under the ASCA National Model, includes results reports, school counselor performance evaluation, and the program audit (ASCARead MoreHow to Choose a College Major (Process Essay)1161 Words à |à 5 PagesAsk Questions The best advice weââ¬â¢ve found for how to choose a college major is just to ask questions. Talk to your high school guidance counselor, or if youââ¬â¢re already in college, consult your academic advisor or a career center counselor. Ask friends and family members about how they chose a college major or career. Finally, engage in some serious self-reflection and ask yourself questions about your past, present, and future. Some factors to consider when selecting a college major include: *Read MoreCultural Competence And Academic Development959 Words à |à 4 Pagesethnicities. With the population on the rise, the demographics in California is becoming more and more socioculturally diverse. In the field of education, interactions with varying cultures is inevitable. Hence, to become an effective school counselor, it is essential to have sociocultural competence. Cultural competence refers to having an understanding of the different cultural experiences of individuals other than your own. It is a mindset of having effective interaction with others regardless
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Common Core and the effects on America Free Essays
Language Learners Since being introduced in 2010, forty-four States have now adopted the Common Core State Standards Initiative. This initiative provides standards in English, Language Arts and Math. Every child in a public school will be expected to meet each standard for their grade level In these areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Core and the effects on America or any similar topic only for you Order Now These standards are designed to guarantee that every child In America will be on par with each other. They use the example In their 3 minute video about a child In Seattle who has an A In his English class but would be receiving a C in a public school in Chicago(understanding Common Core). These standards are also designed to insure that American youth are graduating high school with the ability to compete with other nationââ¬â¢s graduates worldwide. So not only do American school children need to compete with their national peers but they are also competing on a global level (Common Core). Professor E. D Hirsch In an excerpt from his book ââ¬Å"On Cultural Literacyâ⬠discusses how cultural literacy is the only way for Impoverished children to rise above their lot In life. Part of his assumptions are that every American child needs a basic foundation, such as the subjects proposed by Common Core, to be provided by the American Education system. Hirsch argues this foundation will ensure every child is culturally literate,â⬠only by accumulation of shared symbols, and the shared information that the symbols represent, can we learn to communicate effectively with one another in our national communityâ⬠(36). This statement Is based off of the assumption that all Americans speak the same language (Bezel 661). This Is simply no longer true. Between 2010-2011 there were 4. 7 million English Language Learners (ELL) in the American School system (Fast Facts). Unlike No Child left behind act, Common Core acknowledges that they cannot define and meet every need that ELLS have in order to learn the language being used by Common Core on the same level as their peers (English Standards 6). Without going in-depth into the standards, the most accessible Information on the website Is specific on how to accommodate special needs children, but for ELLS all the standards say Is ââ¬Å"It Is possible for every child to meet the standardsâ⬠(6). This paper will address the potential effects of Common Core on ELLS, by using the proposed effects of both Common Core supporters and Common Core posers. There is a lack of public information as to how these state standards are going to affect English Language Learners (ELL), there needs to be more focus on how state standards and federal tests are going to accommodate the growing number ELLS. In 2001 the Bush administration Implemented the No Child Left Behind act. (UNCLE). Under Title Ill in UNCLE it was clearly stated how ELLS were to receive special attention. It allowed for extended time on test and occasionally for the test to be administered in the learners own language. These methods were not effective cause ELLS were still testing twenty to thirty percent lower than their English proficient peers. UNCLE required schools to break their students Into subgroups one testing in comparison with their English proficient peers. For ELLS the test was not only used to gauge their progress in that particular subject but also their progress in English proficiency. Not surprisingly the ELLS were doing significantly worse on their English and language arts test than on Math and Science. A glaring fault of UNCLE was that once a child began to test on the same level as their English proficient peers hey were removed from the ELL subgroup and expected to keep succeeding without the extra accommodations. These ideas were implemented without there ever being proof they would work. Abide and Tilted finish their 2004 Winter report for CREST with the statement, ââ¬Å"For a goal to be within reach of all schools, at least one school should have already attained it. To date we have yet to see a school with a sizeable ELL population that meets the 2014 UNCLE requirementsâ⬠. (5) In preparation for the continued rapid growth of the ELL population, which according to a TESTS brief is errantly approximated at 6 million, Common Core broke down English proficiency expectations into four categories (4). An independent study conducted by Stanford defined the four categories are reading, writing, speaking and listening, and language (3,5-7). Reading requirements are designed to make sure students can read and comprehend complex text across all subjects. Writing standards ensure students are prepared to research, analyze and argue. The need for speaking and listening is to ensure that every student has the ability to understand and articulate orally their ideas and arguments and the arguments of others. Finally the language requirement refers to grammar; in the paper the authors students need to understand that English is ââ¬Å"as much a craft as a set of rulesâ⬠(7). This paper argues that according to the standards, language will tie the four brackets together (7). The opposition to Common Core is that Common Core will force teachers to teach to the test. Ritual standardized testing increases pressure on students to find the right answer instead of encouraging learning and independent thought (Hawkins). According to New York City teacher Katie Alphas in a letter to Carmen Farina, ELLS articulacy in grades third through eighth are ââ¬Å"encumbered with standardized testing. â⬠Here is a quote from a resignation letter by former Colorado Springs English teacher Pauline Hawkins ââ¬Å"l am supposed to help them think for themselves,â⬠¦ Instead, the emphasis is on Common Core Standards and high stakes testing that is creating a teach to the test mentality for our teachers, and stress and anxiety for our students. â⬠This anxiety is increased when a student is not only being tested on their comprehension of the material but also their comprehension of the English language. The majority of teachers who oppose Common Core want less regu lar testing and a more diversified way of evaluation. Common Core is moving fast. For most teachers they are being required to rewrite curriculum to match standardized testing, which is binge implemented in some states as early as April 2014. In particular for ELLS in grades third through eighth, who have been in the country for a year or less they are allowed one exemption from a test. After that they are required to test to the level of their English proficient peers. There is an extra time allotment for ELLS UT as Katie Lymphoma states in a blob post titled Battling the High-stakes Testing Beast: from NAPE to NYSE, ââ¬Å"the state has generously offered to give you extended time (time and a half) on the tests; instead of 90 minutes per day for six days (3 days for testing day. Thatââ¬â¢s a total of 13. 5 hours! Hours upon hours of testing for a fifth grader who is working twice as hard to comprehend the test does not seem like the right answer. Lymphoma in the same post discusses how she as their teacher does not have access to the test results only the scores of her students. To summarize searchers are required to conform curriculum to the tests. The same test where they are not allowed to see which material their students failed on. The ELLS are exempt from only one test in the entirety of their schooling. During the testing ELLS could spend up to twelve plus hours a week testing. According to the association of Teaching English to Speaker of Other Languages (TESTS) and an independent Stanford Study, Common Core will present significant challenges to ELLS but will also provide an education that will offer them the same opportunities as their native English speaking peers. When Common Core was first developed English Language Proficiency Development (ELOPED) Standards were left up to the individual states. Starting in 2012 Common Core recognized that a standard for ELOPED would need to be developed. In 2012 the Council of Chief State Officers produced a basic framework for states to use when adapting their ELL standards. They also hired the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers and Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium to prepare the assessment test prototypes. According to TESTS on testing ââ¬Å"[the tests will] be administered by computer, both consortia are exploring technology-based accommodations, such as pop up glossaries and captions for audio. To ensure the widest accessibility to the test itemsâ⬠(7). By using measures such as extra glossaries and captions it should take some of the pressure off the students. Common Core firmly states that only by regular standardized tests can teachers and the rest of the education community truly understand what students are learning. The Framework for English Language Proficiency Development Standards corresponding to the Common Core State Standards and the Next Generation Science Standards is vividly clear in that they do not force schools to adopt a curriculum. Instead they simply provide what information students are expected to master at every grade. There is no proposed curriculum or any specific standards to guide teachers. The Framework along with Common Core has yet to address what will happen if a child can not meet the standards. UNCLE clearly defined that if a child failed, then the school would be required to use [article title] funding to provide the student the ability to travel to a school where they could get better education. Diana Rancidity in her article with the Washington Post poses the same question what will happen to students who fail. How much funding will go to provide tutoring? What will the repercussions be for teachers whose students are not meeting the standard? Will schools who consistently fail the standards be closed? These are Just some of the many unanswered questions raised by Common Core for ELLS. The Framework answered some questions, like which type of questions students are supposed to be able to answer by each grade, what type of thinking process they should have mastered and what kind of tests they should be able to pass. No one on either side of the issue is making light of the extra struggle the ELLS re going to have on top of the rigorous workload of an English proficient student. Those who are pro Common Core firmly state that by going through the Common workforce or further education. Whether that statement is true or not has yet to be seen. Only time and testing will prove whether Common Core is truly beneficial to ELLS. The facts state that there are approximately six million ELLS in the American public school system today. Until we have a working ELL program that has proven results it is counter productive to expect those students to perform well on the Common Core tests. The government is in the awkward middle ground of some of the information being released without enough information to determine whether or not the programââ¬â¢s success is even plausible. How to cite Common Core and the effects on America, Papers
Monday, May 4, 2020
Learning Environment Customer Service Representatives
Question: Discuss about the Learning Environment for Customer Service Representatives. Answer: Introduction: Hobbs and Besner (2016) depicts that customer service representatives directly deals with the customers and responsible for problem solving and taking orders from end-users. They are the internal customers and the engineers should consider their order for a better outcome of the excellent customer service. This understand-ability can be ensured by the positive response from the customers that they are getting what they have asked for and the annual outcome of the organization whether they are making a profit or loss (Grace Lo Iacono, 2015). Zhu et al. (2013) furthermore suggest that this comprehensibility through the process of knowledge sharing by conducting a regular meeting of engineers and customer service reps and discuss aspects of the customer demands and problems like loss an organization incurs due to incorrect shipment. Importance of customer service Yes, it is necessary for all employees within an organisation to consider the basic requirement of the end-clients and customer service. Gilmour et al. (2013) portray that every organization manufactures products for people in the community and their profitability rely on the sales of their ultimate products. In the context of the given case study, the customer service representative directly knows about the actual customers demand and they place orders to engineers. Since, the engineers indirectly taking the customers order thus it is evident that they should understand that they are working for the ultimate customers through the help of the customer service reps (Raza Hanif, 2013). Thus, the organization should take initiatives for providing two-hour training per week regarding the customer's services their organization is providing and the recent demands of the customers. This approach will help them to opt for appropriate methods for accomplishing the engineering procedures for meeting the customers requirement (Tucker, 2013). The obligatory requirement of understanding the customer services results in satisfied customers and fewer user complaints. Key requirements for outstanding internal customer service Setting of clear expectations The goals and objectives regarding what projects need to be accomplished for better productivity and profitability are to be set by the managing authorities of the manufacturing industry. Radnor and Johnston (2013) depicts that poor planning will result in the poor execution of a project that enhances the rate of the client's complaints. Thus, a collaborative goal has to be set among the engineers and the customer service reps that so that the latter one gets aware that the former executives will work according to their requirement (Beringer et al., 2013). In addition to that, this leads to satisfied internal customers. Informing the customer service reps concerning the project progress Beringer et al. (2013) furthermore, stated that in recent times, the technologies and the demands of the users are changing rapidly and in order to attain the maximum profitability, these organizations have to change their procedure to accomplish their orders. Thus, engineers should reveal the status of the work to the customer care representatives. Marr (2013) highlights the advantage of their approach that is; those reps can suggest some improvised methods through which customized products for customer can be formulated. Identification and anticipation of needs Scheduling quick calls for the development and progress of the projects, let the members of the department of an organization know each other. Radnor and Johnston (2013) sated that this not only reduces the conflicts among the internal costumer and the engineers but it will also enhance the manufacturing outcome of the produced goods. Thus, results in outstanding internal customer service. Relationship between internal and external service delivery It is evident from the provided case study that, if engineers deliver the appropriate manufacturing good to their internal customers that are the customer service representatives, the products will then henceforth deliver to the end-customers. Hence, Gilmour et al. (2013) portray that there is a direct relationship between the internal and external service delivery. Grace and Lo Iacono (2015) depicts that the external service delivery relies on factors like quality of the product, the organizational image on accurate delivery of the products, precision of the products manufactured and the reliability of the performance of the good the user get. Raza and Hanif (2013) moreover depict that the engineers took responsibility for the timely delivery by fulfils aspects like responsiveness, which relates to the speed of service, empathy that pertains to the feeling of safety by using the products and reliability of the engineers that describe the accuracy and timeliness of project delivery. Evidence for how external customers can affect from problems between internal customers The poor communication in between the engineers and the customer care representatives results in an adverse outcome for external comprises (Raza Hanif, 2013). From the given case study, it can be seen that the organization is known for its great products but poor customer service. de Waal et al. (2016) defines the reason for such circumstance is the less knowledge of the manufacture goods that the engineer produce and they cannot help the customer with a proper solution if they face any adversity. Moreover, from the case study, it has also been noted that engineers do not respond to the representative's consideration as a result they are unaware of the used approach for the manufacturing of the goods and thus, for the organization the customer service is just a department that cannot clear the queries of clients. Lastly, incorrect shipment due to inappropriate details incurs a loss for the organization. Users will get incorrect products that are not useful for them and hence they ha ve to suffer from problems between internal customers. Building customer satisfaction between internal customers The customer satisfaction can be built by considering them in the manufacturing approaches that the engineers are using for producing goods. In this way, they are not only able to learn about the organizational proceedings but also able to guide their users if they are facing problems in using the goods. Zhu et al. (2013) also depict that maintaining good work culture, showing respect to the internal customers, motivating them and provide them training also drives customer satisfaction among the internal customers. In this way, they will be able to learn about the workplaces culture and serve their best by utilizing the training they have been provided. Reference List Beringer, C., Jonas, D., Kock, A. (2013). Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.International Journal of Project Management,31(6), 830-846. de Waal, A., de Waal, A., van der Heijden, B., van der Heijden, B. (2016). Increasing customer loyalty and customer intimacy by improving the behavior of employees.Journal of Strategy and Management,9(4), 492-510. Gilmour, P., Borg, G., Duffy, P. A., Johnston, N. D., Limbek, B. E., Shaw, M. R. (2013). Customer service: differentiating by market segment.International Journal of Physical Distribution Materials Management. Grace, D., Lo Iacono, J. (2015). Value creation: an internal customers perspective.Journal of Services Marketing,29(6/7), 560-570. Hobbs, B., Besner, C. (2016). Projects with internal vs. external customers: An empirical investigation of variation in practice.International Journal of Project Management,34(4), 675-687. Marr, N. E. (2013). Do managers really know what service their customers require?.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Radnor, Z., Johnston, R. (2013). Lean in UK Government: internal efficiency or customer service?.Production Planning Control,24(10-11), 903-915. Raza, S. A., Hanif, N. (2013). Factors affecting internet banking adoption among internal and external customers: a case of Pakistan.International Journal of Electronic Finance,7(1), 82-96. Tucker, F. G. (2013). Creative customer service management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., Lai, K. H. (2013). Institutional-based antecedents and performance outcomes of internal and external green supply chain management practices.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,19(2), 106-117.
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